The dark, cold, frosty November morning was a far cry from the golden sands and topaz seas of his homeland. The lack of housing following the terrible bombings of the Second World War meant many Cypriots began to move to the boroughs north of Camden namely Islington, Hackney and eventually in the early 60s, Haringey, as well as a number of seaside towns like Margate and Southend. Growing up in Holloway, Antonagis recalled his parents paid four shillings for a room with a shared bathroom at 47 Arthur Road, N7. M. Mac an Ghaill, The Irish in Britain: the invisibility of ethnicity and anti-Irish racism, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, xxvi (2000), 13747; J. Corbally, The jarring Irish: postwar immigration to the heart of empire, Radical History Review, civ (2009) 10325; and G. Schaffer and S. Nasar, The white essential subject: race, ethnicity, and the Irish in post-war Britain, Contemporary British History, xxxii (2018), 20930. Particularly large Cypriot communities can be found in: The National Federation of Cypriots in the UK is the official, representative body and acknowledged voice of Cypriots in the UK. 42 secs. In this respect, she resembles Asian parents who carried out so called honour killings in twentieth- and twenty-first-century Britain.150 Violence in the Cypriot family in London was not confined to the multi-ethnic GermanGreek Cypriot Bleicher-Christofi family. While anti-Catholic feeling may have declined in Britain during the course of the 19th century, it certainly persisted, (see e.g., E. R. Norman, Anti-Catholicism in Victorian England (London, 1968)). To drink, dip into the extended selection of Greek craft beers and regional wines. Stavros worked at the Caf de Paris until approximately 3 oclock on the morning of 29 July. J. L. Watson (Oxford, 1977), pp. In May 1938 magistrate J. But despite there being so many Greeks around, Greek dating isn't always so easy in the UK. At the same time, the Cypriots are skilled in every trick that the deepest cunning and the most ingenious deception can suggest; and the net which they throw around you is woven with so much art, that it escapes the notice of the most vigilant eye.20 Meanwhile, Mrs. Scott-Stevenson wrote about the unsophisticated Cypriote who whether Mussulman or Christian, is a quiet, docile creature, most hospitable to strangers and devoted to their homes and villages, as well as displaying a fondness for their children described as touching. The menu is stuffed with luxurious flavour combos, but nothing beats the wooden trays loaded with mezdes we cant get enough of the insanely good kopanisti (barrel-aged feta dip with Florina peppers). Sign up for our email to enjoy your city without spending a thing (as well as some options when youre feeling flush). Eastern Mediterranean charcoal-grilled goodness is the promise, and Hellenic dishes figure prominently from pork and beef keftedes (meatballs) with roasted tomatoes and Cyprus potatoes to grilled lamb leg with coco beans plaki, Charleston peppers and ktipiti (whipped feta dip). Large-scaled organized crime, such as the Greek mafia should not be confused with Greek street gangs, who take part in smaller street crime. Not only do they share all their property amongst them when they grow up but will often shield them from disgrace at any risk to themselves.21 Scott-Stevenson clearly placed the family at the heart of Cypriot life. His face was bruised and covered in blood; his eyes were black and swollen. In essence, this type of racism represented a working-class reaction to the arrival of foreign Europeans, but it also appears to have gained additional dynamism as a result of the E.O.K.A. E. S. Richards, Britannias Children: Emigration From England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland Since 1600 (London, 2004), Preface and pp. The Daily Mirror reported on the first days proceedings. Greek - Cypriot Society London. campaign more broadly and the reaction of the British authorities towards it, including, recently, D. French, Fighting EOKA: the British Counter-Insurgency Campaign on Cyprus, 19551959 (Oxford, 2015); and B. Drohan, Brutality in an Age of Human Rights: Activism and Counterinsurgency at the End of the British Empire (London, 2017), pp. In South London, a Turkish-Cypriot crime mob has carried out a reign of terror since the late 1960s, involving armed robbery, contract killing and drug trafficking. 155. The Daily Mirror and the Hampstead and Highgate Express both ran the story on their front pages, with the former carrying the headline The life or death ordeals of Mrs Christofi. The Hellenic heroes at this stylish gaff are in the business of reinterpreting the Greek classics to an impressive effect. Stavros was not present for the verdict, perhaps because he had already passed judgement over his mother, and stated in an interview published on 15 December, the day of her execution, that I cannot find it in my heart to forgive my mother The word mother has become a mockery to me. His mother arrived on British soil with three young children under the age of ten, after two years alone in poverty-stricken Cyprus. RECOMMENDED:DiscoverLondon's best kebab restaurants. Gov't officials submit asset declarations: Who holds the most valuable property? The twins terrorised London in the 50s and 60s with their gang, "The Firm". 4) Ripe Figs: Recipes and Stories from the Eastern Mediterranean by Yasmin Khan. The Constitution The Republic of Cyprus became an independent state on 16 August 1960, and a Member of the United Nations one month later. 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T.N.A., FCO 141/4198, Metropolitan Police Special Branch report, 28 Nov. 1957. By 1972 the London Borough of Haringey had the highest concentration of Cypriots in the UK - approximately 40,000 out of 200,000 residents. However, the racialization of Styllou during the trial suggests that her ethnic and social origins had some impact on the decision to proceed with her execution, as did the fact that her son believed in her guilt. Try another? Videos on social media showed Greek Cypriot protesters with Greek and Cypriot flags shouting slogans against Turkey and Turkish Cypriot leader Ersin Tatar, as his motorcade arrived at King's College London. Pamela Constantinides (The Greek Cypriots: factors in the maintenance of ethnic identity, in Watson, Between Two Cultures, pp. ), CLA/003/PR/04/003, Correspondence and papers relating to Styllou Christofi. See V. Meetoo and H. S. Mirza, There is nothing honourable about honour killings: gender, violence and the limits of multiculturalism, Womens Studies International Forum, xxx (2007), 187200. This report, which found Styllou mentally deranged and insane yet medically fit to plead and stand trial,114 had not been introduced at her trial because Styllou had instructed her lawyers not to do so. With the need to infiltrate and manipulate multiple types of businesses in order to successfully smuggle internationally, more often than not such organisations resemble professional international cartels rather than traditional organised crime groups. Upon arrival in London, they undertook a variety of jobs, such as catering, though many owned businesses and others had trade skills. On warm evenings, you can sit outside on the pavement terrace, quaff some retsina and soak up the local hospitality. This article focuses on the case of the penultimate woman hanged in Britain, Styllou Christofi, who was executed in December 1954 for the murder of her German-born daughter-in-law, Hella. No official reasons were given, but the newspapers speculated that he had taken into account the provocation and also that she had been ill. On the other hand, Lloyd did not reprieve Styllou Christofi, and despite a concerted campaign, with thousands of people signing a petition, he did not reprieve Ruth Ellis either.119. 4261, at pp. In the United States, the term "Greek mafia" may include or refer specifically to various Greek American organized crime groups. Photography and Cyprus: Time, Place and Identity, ed. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. List of British people of Cypriot descent, "David Haye: my mum says I'm not allowed to have a tattoo", "KIBRISLI FERHA'NIN BELGESEL GELYOR", "lkesinden vazgemeyen bir oyuncu Zmrt Cansel", "Fashion star Chalayan 'files for liquidation', "Dating Longing: The Work of Mutlu erkez", "Interview:Mehmet Dalman, founder of WMG", "Baroness Meral Hussein-Ece's maiden speech", "When Tracey was Traci: Emin's unseen early paintings published for the first time", "Sahaya Giren Taraftarn Kbrsl Trk Olduu Anlald", "Little Mix singer Adam Harison revealed as pitch invader who stopped play during Euro 2020 final", "ngiliz futbolu, Kbrs Trklerini kefetti! The food is indigenous Greek, rather than Greek-Cypriot, with fluffy flatbread offered instead of pitta, and sharing feasts named after the home countrys provinces. The era of the dying imperial capital in the 1950s constituted a turning point in the history of migration into this city,145 which would attract the epithet of super-diverse by the twenty-first century.146 Cypriots clearly had to face stereotyping and racism but brushed them off for the reasons outlined above. Artisan Greek producers rule when it comes to wines and beers. Opso. Recent notable contributions to this literature include K. H. Perry, London Is the Place for Me: Black Britons, Citizenship, and the Politics of Race (Oxford, 2015); and R. Waters, Thinking Black: Britain, 19641985 (Berkeley, 2019). 3149. ), 28/11, Letter from John Stais to Robin Oakley on Early Cypriots in London, 22 Oct. 1965. The short menu also features plenty of surprises from octopus with fava beans and rock samphire to pulled pork kritharaki with orzo and oregano, plus local wines and craft beers from Greek micro-breweries. The transplantation of the Cypriot family to London therefore displayed continuities because of its importance as the main social unit, demonstrated especially, in a more positive light, in the B.B.C. 1415. [citation needed]. Santorini Restaurant . The hanging of Ruth Ellis, the final woman to die in this way in Britain, received much attention both at the time and subsequently, to the extent that her death became the subject of a feature film.90 However, Styllou Christofi, who perished just six months before Ellis, has received less attention, although various popular books on the fate of women who faced capital punishment consider the two women, as well as others, in conjunction.91 The executioner who hanged Ellis and Christofi, Albert Pierrepoint, explained the different contemporary reactions towards the two by contrasting the blonde night-club hostess with the grey-haired and bewildered grandmother who spoke no English.92 The Daily Mirror pointed to the fact that millions of British people were worried about the fate of Ruth Ellis and sympathized with her because she was pretty and young, in contrast with the ugly Mrs Christofi.93, The press reaction to the prosecution, trial and execution of Styllou reflects the series of stereotypes outlined above resulting from the British perception of the Cypriot peasant. But, as many historians have also shown, these people were subjected to racism as others, with their British status often ignored. The British rule of Cyprus was also an important factor for the increase of migration from Greece to the UK. [accessed 7 Sept. 2021]. :: left.gr", "Newsbeast.gr - : ", "Regional organized crime empowered in Southeastern Europe", "Cyprus: Five Arrested for 26 kg of Cannabis", "Greek man extradited to Cyprus to face drugs charges", "The connection between Amsterdam's coffeeshops and organized crime - DutchAmsterdam.com", "PHILADELPHIA'S UNDERWORLD WAR - 2 IN 'GREEK MOB' FALL - NYTimes.com", The Scarface of Sex: The Millionaire Playboy Who Murdered His Way to the Top of Porn, "Drugs seized in Igumenica. He spent his time in the Greek cafes near Archway accompanied by his friend, the son of the Kray brothers chauffeur. Dance is an important method of raising awareness Antigon and Evangelia in London at Xoyo Posted on 27 February 2023 Antigon and Evangelia in London at Xoyo 32-37 Cowper St, London EC2A 4AP THURSDAY 2ND MARCH 6:00PM | 14+ (UNDER 16S ACCOMPANIED BY AN ADULT) GUEST POST and interview by Engage Londons Meagan Walker, which was originally published on her blog (3April 2018). R. Keene, Ministry of Information, U.K., 1946, 32 mins. The Times, 27 Oct. 1954; Manchester Guardian, 27 Oct. 1954; Daily Express, 27 Oct. 1954; and Daily Mirror, 27 Oct. 1954. 9. 1612. Ultimately, it did not matter if Cypriots were white or not; they were still an other. Were not in Kavos anymore, Toto. She moved to London on 26 July 1953 and worked as a kitchen hand and a shirt maker, and she also received state income support. We see youre using an ad-blocker. While the Cypriot peasant is one of the hardest working and most courteous in the world, he remained backward and (for centuries with good reason) distrustful.13 Although it focused on the economic life of the rural population, the survey also digressed into issues such as hygiene, stating that it is not easy to fix a standard of cleanliness but that the majority are moderately clean while a certain number are definitely dirty,14 and that moral conditions were regarded as satisfactory because Cyprus is only on the fringe of the East and the lightest whisper against the innocence of a village girl will endanger her chances of marriage.15 At almost the same time as the publication of Surridges survey, there appeared a short booklet by the Cypriot Demetrios Stylianou (who had benefited from ten years abroad) that looked at the customs and superstitions by which rural society in Cyprus functioned. But anew breed of restaurants doing modern Greek small plates also abound,includingMarylebone's. S ize: Roughly 200,000-250,000 according to the London Cypriot Embassy. The idea for this feature came from the governor of Cyprus, who contacted the Colonial Office and then the Ministry of Information, eventually reaching Laurie Lee (who had spent a few weeks in Cyprus before the Second World War).31 Anyone who viewed this film would have come to the conclusion that the Cypriots consisted entirely of peasants, as most images focused on farming life. Gus Alex was the highest ranking non-Italian wiseguy, as he reportedly formed a three-man ruling panel in the late sixties and early seventies. It focused on the revelation during the trial that Styllou had been charged with murdering her mother-in-law by forcing a burning stake into her mouth, along with two other women in Cyprus in 1925. Cypriot mothers with babies, or children by themselves, were evacuated out of London, some as far as Yorkshire, Bedford and Northamptonshire. As I leave he reminds me one last time of his adoration for his wife and children, he whispers: I fell in love, and that was that.. S. Cooper, B.B.C., U.K., 26 March 2019, BBC One, 44 mins. B. Stewart, My Experiences of Cyprus (London, 1906), pp. One gentleman did not like it and he started to swear and be aggressive towards me, luckily we managed to get away without any problem.85. The publications of these scholars have been cited above. 13, 34, 102. The London Office of the Cyprus government played a pivotal role for Cypriots in the U.K. K.C.L., G.D.A., 7/AV1, B.B.C. suffers in silence. [3] Internationally, the smuggling and racketeering practices have a larger reach, and are not necessarily based on Greek nationals alone. By July 1954 the children were twelve (Nicholas), ten (Peter) and eight (Stella). He continued: These Cypriots fail to understand why in the heart of London there an open and systematic anti-British propaganda is being carried on, which H.M.G. Like its self-proclaimed Deli Divine in Bloomsbury, the Soho branch of The Life Goddess (dubbed Experimental Divine) isnt your average Greek taverna. In the 1980s and 1990s, Cypriots continued theirmove towards north London, moving into the Boroughs of Enfield and Barnet. Living in the Worcestershire countryside, surrounded by his children, grandchildren, and even great-grandchildren. In contrast to the growing African-Caribbean community after the Second World War,7 the Greek Cypriots remained largely hidden from view. Find the best taste of the Mediterranean right here in London at the Greek restaurants that are smashing it. ( , the Communist Party of Cyprus), which had adopted a policy of support for enosis in contradiction to the previous Communist Party of Cyprus (which had supported independence), and began to control the Cypriot communists in Britain.67 This led to a purge of the Cypriot branches in 1952, with several members, most notably Ioannides, suspended and George Pefkos becoming the Cypriot communist leader in the U.K.68. The number of Cypriots for 1921 is given as 334 in V. George and G. Millerson, The Cypriot community in London, Race & Class, viii (1967), 27792, at p. 277. It's so intense', "The Great Extension at the Theatre Royal Stratford & My Wonderful Day at the Stephen Joseph Theatre, review", "Halil Perry's grandson Tony Perry to DJ at Euro 2020 Final between England and Italy", "Former footballer Salman made patron of human rights group", "Tash's The Deep End trades heavily on his Turkish Cypriot roots", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_British_people_of_Cypriot_descent&oldid=1147500667, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using Template:Post-nominals with missing parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 March 2023, at 11:03. Dj vu! Perhaps this represents the tip of an iceberg, or perhaps male Cypriot migrants have kept any memories of racism they may have experienced in London suppressed, possibly because migration to the imperial capital provided an escape from the persecution that they experienced at home, as the British authorities in Cyprus regarded all males as potential terrorists.136 In fact, male migration to London intensified partly as a result of the way in which the British authorities unsuccessfully tried to crush the activities of E.O.K.A. The name "Cyprus" comes from the Greek word for "copper" (kypros).It was the island's lucrative deposits in copper, discovered around 3000 BC on the slopes of the Troodos Mountains, which first appealed to many . S. Tuck (Basingstoke, 2012), pp. C. Wills, Lovers and Strangers: an Immigrant History of Post-War Britain (London, 2017). Antonagis fatal crime was stealing a car radio. This argument is put forward especially in Pilkington, Beyond the Mother Country. Michaelides was found with letters that showed he was bringing white women into London for the purposes of prostituting them. Cyprus: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1921 Taken on the 24th April 1921 (London, 1922), p. 13; and Cyprus: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1931 Taken on April 2728, 1931 (Nicosia, 1932), p. 17. 30131; K. Robins and A. Aksoy, From spaces of identity to mental spaces: lessons from Turkish-Cypriot cultural experience in Britain, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, xxvii (2001), 685711; H. Abdullah and M. Sinker, Departures and Arrivals: Turkish Cypriots Who Came to England Between 1934 and 1963 (London, 2006); and P. Panayi, Migrant City: a New History of London (London, 2020), pp. 87128. 1722. Several members served in the Spanish Civil War (including Ezekias Papaioannou and Michael Economides) and in the League Against Imperialism (such as Evdoros Ioannides). [11] The communists had two newspapers: from the 1930s onwards, which was the more orthodox communist newspaper and enjoyed a small print run; and To B from late 1939 onwards, which was also communist but less militant, publishing about 1,000 copies in 1940 but selling a mere 250.70 These ideological divisions continued into the 1950s, although they became further complicated by the Cold War and the prosecution of enosis in Cyprus. However, the result is an intensely irritating hot mess, a London petty criminal story set in the Greek Cypriot community thats offensive, self-indulgent and stupid. P. Panayi (London, 1996), pp. Instead, look to the menu for the likes of slow-cooked octopus with a fava bean spread and homemade jam or marinated pork in red wine, honey and orange with bulgur wheat. Meraki takes the sun-drenched flavours of the Aegean and serves them up to business folk, tourists and shoppers wanting to escape Oxford Streets bedlam. My parents wanted me to marry a Greek girl but I was in love, Antonagis explained. 10-12 Moscow Road, London W2 4BT, UK. Most commissioners were from the Cyprus civil list, but the one constant was Sotiris Terezopoulos, a Greek who obtained British Cypriot nationality while in Cyprus and emigrated to the U.K. in the 1920s, becoming commissioner in the mid 1940s.69 The activities of the Cypriots in London in general, but especially those of the communists, were monitored by the British authorities, namely through the liaison office and its regular reports to the Cypriot government and the Colonial Office. Despite this, the Cypriot family in London could certainly become dysfunctional, as the unit depended upon the economic activity of both husbands and wives and could also include parents or siblings.60 The importance of marriage found reflection in the wedding, which in Cyprus offered the peasant population an opportunity to celebrate in a calendar that otherwise revolved around Greek Orthodox festivals. You can sort of tell what kind of film writer-director-co-star Savvas D Michael thought he was making, given the lofty references to Homers Iliad in the plotting, Martin Scorsese movies in the dialogue, and Guy Ritchie in the casting given the presence here of Vinnie Jones in a cameo role. With a high propensity for self-employment, Greek Cypriots opened their own catering establishments, especially in the fish and chip trade, as well as a range of other areas.52 In addition to catering, the jobs that Cypriots undertook were, like [those of] other migrants those least attractive to the indigenous population.53 During the 1950s about 33 per cent of men worked as tailors, shoemakers, mechanics, electricians, carpenters, painters and decorators, plumbers, and bricklayers, with a further 15 per cent as cooks, waiters and barbers.54 At the same time 85 per cent of Cypriot women were employed as dressmakers and machinists in small workshops owned by Cypriots or Jews.55 By this time the Cypriots had begun to move away from their original heartland in Soho to inner North London, with most of the post-war newcomers settling in and around Camden Town. T.N.A., CO 67/260/7, C. E. Campton to W. Collins, 8 Oct. 1933. [14], There is reportedly a significant subculture of organised crime within the broader Greek Australian community. Detective Superintendent Leonard Crawford revealed that when Styllou had been charged, she had said that she had not made use of any petrol, but some petrol had spilled a few days earlier and she had stepped on it.97 Other newspapers provided much shorter summaries, with the Manchester Guardian adding that the coroner, W. Bentley, had opened an inquest that had been adjourned until 4 August and the Home Office pathologist, F. E. Camps, was still conducting the post mortem.98 Styllou appeared in court again on 4 August, when she was granted legal aid.99 The Hampstead and Highgate Express offered more information, disclosing that Styllou was represented by H. J. Rustomji, an Indian barrister from Cyprus who was on holiday in England. F. H. Fisher, Cyprus: Our New Colony and What We Know About It (London, 1878), pp. H. Faustmann and N. Peristianis (Mannheim, 2006). Both in the homeland and in the diaspora, the British recognized the importance of the family unit. See also A. Varnava, The origins and prevalence of and campaigns to eradicate venereal diseases in British Colonial Cyprus, 19161939, Social History of Medicine, xxxiii (2020), 173200. The Cypriots in London, Manchester Guardian, 14 Aug. 1954; and George and Millerson, Cypriot Community, pp. Many of what might now be called Cyprus' forgotten refugees of the 1960s settled in north Islington. See the complex analysis in M. Rousseau-Sinclair, Victorian Travellers in Cyprus: a Garden of Their Own (Nicosia, 2002). See Cyprus Is an Island [documentary film, online] dir. 28994) uses two villages to which she, unhelpfully but following sociological norms, gives the pseudonyms of Agraia and Thalassia. In 2019 the grandson of Styllou (by her sons second wife), Toby Christofi, unsuccessfully tried to prove her innocence by claiming her insanity as part of a B.B.C. Indigenous organized criminal groups are well-entrenched in the largest Greek urban centers, particularly in Athens. Costas Sampson, 21, is a Greek Cypriot who is wanted by the Metropolitan Police in connection with the rape of a woman who was attacked in Ruislip, west London. Christodoulides, who also serves as the Greek Cypriot leader, has been calling on European partners to support his proposal to involve a European personality in peace talks on the divided island, a suggestion refused by Turkish Cypriots who believe Brussels is not impartial. A. Varnava, Serving the Empire in the Great War: the Cypriot Mule Corps, Imperial Identity and Silenced Memory (Manchester, 2017), pp. The interior is nothing to write home about, but youre here for the great-value food and the personal vibe. G. Kakavas (London, 2002). See the London Cypriot newspaper To B for shops in Camden Town advertising their wares, including the edition of 15 May 1954. The meat for their souvlaki wraps is threaded on site every day, then cooked over top-quality charcoal on a robata-style grill. The year-long stay in her sons house proved problematic, with Styllou having to find alternative accommodation on three occasions. 6671; A. Tarsoule, K (Athens, 1963), pp. Like many diasporas, the London community of Greek-Cypriots - which spreads from Palmers Green into the suburbia of . His son, Fotis, recalled: We were shocked to see that he had been badly beaten about the face. These details are taken from The National Archives of the U.K., PCOM 9/1721, CHRISTOFI, Styllou Pantopiou: convicted at Central Criminal Court (CCC) on 28 October 1954 of murder; sentenced to death, executed 15 December 1954. On those previous occasions she had been found not guilty of murder and guilty of manslaughter. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. On the Greeks, see e.g., I. Kykkotis, : (London, 1968); and Zavros, p. in Cyprus.137. The official concern linked a peasant farming background, which the majority of the London community shared, with ignorance and an inability to reason, despite the fact that by 1958 many Cypriots arriving in the U.K. had lived and/or worked in Cypriot towns, some had at least some secondary schooling, and Cypriots in the U.K. had opened up their own businesses, first in and around Soho and then in Camden Town. Vardy spoke on her behalf to plead not guilty.104, Christofis trial opened on Monday 25 October 1954. Episode 2, Murder, Mystery and My Family, series 2 [television programme, online] prod. R. Severis, Travelling Artists in Cyprus (London, 2000), pp. She related that on the night of the murder she had awoken and smelt smoke, and when she had come down the stairs, two men, one with a briefcase, had run out, and she had found Hella burning. 88, 1056. During the Second World War, Cypriots in Britain were called up to join the forcesand in Cyprus, men voluntarily joined the Cyprus Regiment. However, many other (semi) organised groups operate throughout other cities, and even villages. The vine-clad dining room is abuzz with garrulous chatter, boozy toasts and local gossip, with the odd famous face adding some extra glitz to proceedings, while the kitchen serves up traditional Hellenic sunshine in the shape of vast mezdes, charcoal grills, stews and other classics. Notable ethnic Greek or Greek American organized crime groups in the United States include the Philadelphia Greek Mob in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the Velentzas crime family in New York City. It then traces the evolution of the Greek Cypriot community in London from the interwar to the post-war years, demonstrating the existence of hostility towards the group, drawing on the stereotype of the Cypriot peasant, and focusing on the perceived threat the community posed as a consequence of the campaign for unification with Greece in the 1950s.
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