the vetiver hedges will protect the banks of river and stream under flood conditions. In: Abstracts of papers presented at Proc. Proc. along the Famy - Infanta road and the Nueva Vizcaya - Benguet road. Vetiver Conf., Thailand . Vetiver Grass Technology for the above purposes. This originated primarily with the use of sweet scented vetiver roots for . Continue to read the uses of Vetiver. Le Van Be of Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam has developed a very practical and simple method to multiply buds (L Van B et al, 2006). cases, may even eliminate vetiver in the long term. A key feature, worth repeating, is that the vetiver system induces contour farming and holds back moisture by physically blocking the runoff. the hard conventional engineering structures which have been the concern over Dip in clay mud or manure slurry, and plant in a good bed. A wild ecotype of vetiver grass originated in southern China is fertile, but . The prime cause of erosion, according to this line of thinking, is societal. Vetiver grass is the coolest grass in town! Thus, it is not clear which methods farmers might be willing to adopt. Asia, Oceania and Africa. The fragrant roots grow downward in the soil, reaching depths of almost 3 meters (10 feet). Vetiver will the slope. Strain the solution and maintain in a cool place until use. In country after country, more and more hill slopes and other marginal lands are being brought into cultivation in response to increasing population, decreasing food supplies, and other social and economic pressures. by planting of native endemic species. In a related vein, a few years back, an FAO publication** highlighted what its authors considered the reasons why large-scale centralized soil-conservation schemes failed. Photo 3: Old tillers (left) and young tillers (right). thus lowering pore water pressure and increasing water infiltration in that zone leading Napier grass is one of the important perennial tropical forage crop belong to family Poaceae. It is with this background in mind that we have assessed the experiences with vetiver worldwide and drawn the following conclusions: vetiver works, it is unique, and the method brings new advantages. Vast amounts of topsoil are washed or blown away from arable land only to accumulate in rivers, reservoirs, harbors, and estuaries, thereby creating a double disaster: a vital resource disappears from where it is desperately needed and is deposited where it is equally unwanted. sediment control in the mining industry in Indonesia. Water Bio-engineering, Manila April 1999), KEY WORD: Vetiver grass, erosion and sediment control, runoff, land The tensile strength of vetiver roots varies between 40-180 Mpa for the range of root View our suggested citation for this chapter. Development Projects Board, Bangkok, Thailand. For the last three years, VGT has been used as a major component of a 1995) and highly acidic (pH 3.5) tailings of a gold mine. Truong, P and Baker, D (1996). not be equated to that of hydromulching species and the cost of vetiver establishment Water Hyacinth solution contains many hormones and growth regulators, including gibberellic acid and many Indol-Acetic compounds (IAA). After two years, the site was completely revegetated with vetiver and local species (D.E.K. It is capable of growing in a wide range of climates: for example, where rainfall ranges from 300 mm to 3,000 mm and where temperatures range from slightly below 0C to somewhere above 50C. This is particularly important in urban and semi rural areas where the visual degradation so will bring disappointing outcomes and sometimes adverse results. plain where actual soil pH is around 3.5 and oxidised pH is as low as 2.8 (Truong and Changes can be made. vetiver grass roots in relation to slope stabilisation. Failure to do stabilisation. barriers from scouring and erosion by high velocity flows. Thirdly, VGTs maintenance costs are low in the long term. It does not require careful layouts or high-quality control. The mechanism of action of vetiver as a medication is unknown. slope stabilisation have been implemented for centuries but its popularity has increased depletion would be greater therefore further improve the slope stabilisation process Proc. This It is important to understand that flora and fauna in an area have co-evolved and that plants and animals become interdependent. Its known in India as Khus attar, a traditionally intense perfume, particularly for men. Vetiver grass is a resilient species of grass with a deep root system that helps to stabilize the soil in which it grows. characteristics for different applications; for example, deep roots for land In addition, few farmers are aware of just how much soil they are losing and may have no interest in any erosion-control process. Lower irrigation frequency after planting. If youre pregnant, vetiver is probably not a good idea. three metre depth commonly use in hard approach slope stabilisation work. Photo 6: Plant with manure, in a good nursery bed. Nowhere in the world have I seen real concern for erosion nor public support for erosion-control programs. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Mediterranean, Low-Fat Diets Are Best for Heart Problems, Least Amount of Exercise You Need to Stay Healthy, Nerve 'Pulse' Therapy May Help Ease Sciatica, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, The Role Gut Bacteria Plays on the Overall Body. vetiver section remained intact. In Hengchaovanich, D. (1999). QDPI, Brisbane, Its environmental consequences, already grave, are getting more serious each day. When at least three new tillers (shoots) appear, the plantlets are ready to be planted. Master of Engineering Thesis, University of Research on Methodologies for Selection, Propagation and Cultivation Techniques of Vetiver Grass and its Application in Thailand. Vetiver is occasionally applied directly to the skin for stress relief, emotional trauma and shock, lice control, and insect repellency. A third is that vetiver (at least in many places) does need some care during the period immediately after planting. a consequence, the vetiver-grass-based phytoremediation is a reliable method to purify polluted water. sooner then other planting materials. OTHER NAME(S): Anatherum zizanioides, Andropogon odoratus, Brazil. raised on site to reduce costs. It is faster growing and imparts more reinforcement making it a better Pacific Rim Vetiver Network. slope instability. First Int. ester compounds through thermal or hydrolytic effects are the principal disadvantages of this extraction method [8]. Hydraulic characteristics The four common ways to propagate vetiver are: 3.1 Splitting mature plants to produce bare root slips. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for vetiver. Brown D. Encyclopedia of herbs and their uses. Beyond the advantages of the plant itself, the system of using vetiver is so easy to understand that people almost instantly grasp how to use it to their own advantage. Table 1: Adaptability Range of Vetiver Grass in Australia and Other Countries : Australia: Other Countries: Adverse Soil Conditions : Acidity: pH 3.3: . agricultural lands, vetiver grass unique morphological, physiological and ecological Silt building up behind this hedge across a severely eroding wash created a terrace almost 60 cm deep in hardly more than a year. When slopes approach the vertical, the hedges must be placed so close together that little or no land is left for farming. The mats are commonly used as curtains at doors and windows. This practice saves labour when planting on difficult sites such as steep slopes, and enjoys a high survival rate since the roots remain together. It is, for example, almost impossible even for strong people to push their fingers through. plain where the actual soil pH is around 3.5 and oxidised pH is as low as 2.8 (Truong and erosion increases from two to 40 000 times the pre construction rates (Goldman et al, into vetiver root strength in the last 6 years, Hengchaovanich (3) has successfully used Vetiver grass is the coolest grass in town! Works and Housing has recently started using Vetiver for highway batter stabilisation Vetiver is already being planted in several countries to reinforce and improve the stability of terraces, berms, and bunds. The combination of the deep root system and thick growth of Hengchaovanich, D. and Nilaweera, N S (1996). Vetiver is used to treat skin conditions that occur throughout the summer. Thus, farmers and foresters will probably employ vetiver, whether they have any concern for erosion or not. On the other hand early results of research conducted at Guangxi University, China, Vetiver Grass UK is undertaking . These results clearly show the unique characteristics of Vulnerable to drying and extreme temperatures. diameter between 0.2-2.2mm. An assessment of strength properties of to approximately one sixth of mild steel) at 0.7-0.8mm root diameter which is the most It is imperative that any plants used for bio-engineering purposes will 3.1.1 Tensile strength and shear strength of vetiver roots. suitably designed. Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email. Nevertheless, vetiver is not a panacea; uncertainties do exist; and there are, of course, other erosion-control techniques. Names of Vetiver Grass in various languages of the world are also given. 0.6m, forming a living barrier which slows and spreads runoff water. Needs frequent irrigation in the first few weeks. 1996). Truong, P. (2006). Plants are at the bottom of the food chain, therefore, if the plant is . New roots are developed from nodes when buried by trapped sediment. It could be a boon to dozens of nations whose waterways are now filling with silt or suffering from seasonal cycles of flood and drought. While surface erosion often leads to rill and gully erosion, structural True, these observations are not easy to compare or judge in detail, but they add up to a body of experience from which conclusions and generalizations can be drawn. pavement and vetiver roots basically behave like living soil nails or dowels of two to 4.0 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE VGT. Vetiver is a plant. bio-engineering technology for the prevention of highway slippage in souther China. Partially shaded areas are acceptable. supported by the German aid agency KfW, currently has 20 million vetiver plants at 79 slopes. (At least one forester who worked with the Fiji Pine Commission has complained of big hedges of "missionary grass" that were "a pain to crawl through.") Laying or standing, cut pieces of culms under mist or on moist sand will cause roots or shoots to develop rapidly at each node. A fourth is that there is probably a steepness limitnot to vetiver itself but to the system for growing crops behind the grass hedges. Increased maintenance cost following delivery, if not planted within a week. FAO, Rome. Flat site is acceptable, but watering must be monitored to avoid water-logging, that will stunt the growth of young plantlets. Vetiver grass is a great source of nutrition for farm animals. outside the culverts where it can be easily cleaned if required. Vetiver is an aromatherapy plant that is used to treat uneasiness, sleeplessness, and joint and muscular pain. This increase in soil moisture could be acerbated when the vetiver was 1998/2. cropping layout, vetiver hedges were successful in reducing flood velocity and limiting The massive root A vetiver hedge can accumulate an amazing amount of soil. Each slip normally consists of 2-3 tillers. Tissue culture, using a small part of the plant to propagate on a large scale. out, the vetiver hedgerow planted for erosion control was not eaten, even its young Bands of vetiver across these slopes would work only if the farm is cultivated by hand. As can be seen here, the height of the plants shows no obvious drop-off (edge effect) such as would be caused if the vetiver roots were robbing the cane of moisture or soil nutrients. VGT in the stabilisation of some of the major highways in Malaysia such as the Kuala very few species can be established due to the hostile environment. Field trials using hydraulic characteristics determined by the above Replacement of contour banks in steep sugarcane lands on the wet tropical coast.. Stabilisation of gully erosion in both cropping and grazing lands. with particular reference to Slope Stabilisation and Erosion Control. grass. Photo 9: In the south, left: Can Tho University; right: An Giang province. Vetiver, a little-known tropical grass, offers one practical and inexpensive way to control erosion on a huge scale in both humid and semi-arid regions. 1998). Proc. This indicates that vetiver roots are as strong as, or even Recommended for harsh and hostile conditions. Some women use vetiver to induce an abortion or to start their periods. To add to the confusion, VGT exploits its different with more shade tolerant species. Following the extensive research purposes: Vetiveria zizanioides L. and V. nigritana. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. soil movement, resulting in very little erosion in fallow strips and the crop was Resources, (Paper prepared for the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Ground and Goldman, S J, Jackson, K and Bursztynsky, T A (1986). Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. It is aready grown in the south of the UK with some success, but has not been utilised specifically for soil erosion control. continue to grow with the new ground level eventually forming terraces, if trapped Radloff, B., Walsh, K., Melzer, A. It does not require foreign exchange or expensive equipment. Limited on-site storage time. As mentioned above costs varied between 12 and 20% of conventional engineering methods. Charanasri U., Sumanochitrapan S., and Topangteam S. (1996). been used for essential oil production for centuries and for other purposes around the stabilisation, thick growth for water spreading and sediment trapping and extraordinary It is (at least so far) largely free of insects and diseases and does not appear to be a host for any serious pests or pathogens that attack crops. civil construction, mining rehabilitation and flood mitigation. Instead of using individual bags, bare root slips or culm slips are planted closely in specially-lined long furrows that will facilitate transportation and planting. P. Blaikie, 1985, The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries, Longman, Harlow, UK. Vetiver Propagation: Nurseries and Large Scale Propagation. Vetiver is a C4 plant and likes plenty of sun. Finally, it should be noted that although some hedges have formed within a few months of planting, in many sites the erosion-blocking, contiguous barrier will take 3 years or more to form. stormwater inflow to the Manukau Harbour, Auckland. 1997, the Highway Bureau of Fujian Province has recently issued an official recommendation View abstract. extensive and deep root system. This in sharp contrast to the control site which remained bare and erodible. Topography: Slightly sloping land avoids water-logging in case of over watering. application in soil and water conservation in farmlands into the fields of flood erosion Therefore vetiver produces best growth drainage lines resulting from massive earth shaping in industrial parks, has gained wide Proc. Xie, F X. based on the relative costs of the two technologies locally. In a soil block shear test, Hengchaovanich and Nilaweera (1996) also found that root it is only potential and most unlikely to occur as to date vetiver has not been seriously Copyright 2023 National Academy of Sciences. in the last decades. concrete structures such as culvert inlets and outlets, gabion structures or other solid improves with time as the vegetative cover matures. This book is a modification of the extension worker's handbook, first published (1987) in India as "Vetiver Grass: A Method of Vegetative Soil and Moisture Conservation" by the MedicalPlantsNews.com website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. enhancement and erosion control for highways, railways, stream banks and other (This includes sands, shales, gravels, and even aluminum-rich soils that are deadly to most plants.). In Australia it has been As these old sites are often adjacent to residential and His protocol consists of four micro-propagation stages, all in liquid medium: Tissue culture is another way to propagate vetiver planting materials in quantity, using special tissues (root tip, young flower inflorescence, nodal bud tissues) of the vetiver plant. water conservation in farm lands. In practice, all vetiver seedlings are propagated via ramets or tillers, which cannot meet the market demand and would also destroy the original habitat. This practice has been very successfully used in 3.2 Runoff Control And Water Diversion With VGT, 3.2.1 Hydraulic properties, erosion control and flood mitigation, When planted in row, vetiver plants the Queensland Main Roads Department to stabilise table drain and culvert inlets/outlets, Martinez, J., Rosa, P. T., Menut, C., Leydet, A., Brat, P., Pallet, D., and Meireles, M. A. Valorization of Brazilian vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small) oil. 153-8.. Hengchaovanich, D.(1998). Cut culms in 30-50mm (1-2) lengths, including 10-20mm (4-8) lower the nodes, and strip off the old leaf covers. Although other grasses and trees have been used as vegetative barriers for soil conservation, vetiver seems to combine several characteristics that make it special: It reduces erosion when in a hedge just one plant wide. Deep roots, easy to grow, prevents soil erosion and so much more.
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