"I knew that its place was in a museum," Vyacheslav Filippov, a colonel in the Russian Air Force reserve who has written extensively about the Lend-Lease program's Siberian connection, told RFE/RL at the time. British armaments orders would have started to dry up in late 1940 early 41 as currency reserves ran out. Yet, here again is a case of the wrong equipment. Without US help Britain would If Hitler had accepted Czech President Emil Hachas request to make the Czech Republic a German protectorate without actually occupying it with German forces, then he would not have been in violation of the Munich Pact. In early 1915, Germany introduced a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic. The effect of such a negotiated settlement might have been a long-term peace for Europe, (with the exception of Hitlers plan to invade the Soviet Union of course), likely transforming both Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy into mostly satisfied, rather than revisionist, powers generally supportive of maintaining the British-led world order. Hitler could have accepted Britains generous offer and scheduled the conference for late 1938 or early 1939 rather than foolishly violating the Munich Pact in March 1939. At the end of the war, the disparage was far greater Soviets ran over all the elite crack troops Japanese crammed into Manchuria and trusted quite a lot, and they ran over them in justonemonth. This particular C-47 was sent to the Far North and spent the war conducting reconnaissance and weather-monitoring missions over the Kara Sea. With Great Britain in the war it meant Germany was dragged into various side campaigns from Greece to North Africa. The notion that Britain could have survived long term with the US's aid is total rubbish. ), and France. Nevertheless, British Lend-Lease tanks helped the Red Army to restock its tank units until domestic production could catch up and are estimated to have comprised about 10 per cent of the tanks defending Moscow in NovemberDecember 1941. This series of articles represents an attempt to summarize the top mistakes and omissions that Germany made during the most terrible of all wars in human history. Even with everything noted above, Germany and its European partners could have still won the war were it not for Germany's declaration of war on the United States on December 11, 1941. In conclusion, if Germany won WW1, the German government would have been considerably more powerful and the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires would have lasted longer. You must log in or register to reply here. Thus, landings in 1944 came at a point at which Soviets broke German armies and were racing towards Berlin. They wanted to make sure Roosevelt didnt accept Churchills arguments to delay Overlord, the code name for the cross-channel attack, particularly now, when he was on his way to meet Stalin, to whom he had been promising a second front, as the Russians referred to it, for well over a year. American aid also provided 4.5 million tons of food, 1.5 million blankets, and 15 million pairs of boots. Unless you can refute the other scenarios for Allied victory before 1941 then the answer to the OPs question remains yes. Lend-Lease trucks and jeeps put the Russian Army on wheels for the first time ever while US food (including, famously, spam)kept the Russian population going. Therefore, US dealing with Japan definitely helped allies. However the steam roller would still have been there and would still have rolled over Berlin though possibly 3-6 months later (don't over estimate the effect of moterised transport in russia, both the red army and the wermacht advanced troops on foot and used horse drawn transport in large quantities as it was, the Russians would have coped) WebWould Russia have won ww2 without the US? September 1 marked the eightieth anniversary of the outbreak of World War II, which cost the lives of an estimated fifty to sixty million people and was the most terrible war in world history. Instead, he is universally despised as the German leader who killed five million Jews in the Holocaust and presided over the destruction of Germany in 1945. But it would Japanese staff knew this, hence the plan for war against US was a quick strike which would cripple a decent amount of US Navy and therefore hopefully force a quick, favorable peace. What would have happened if the United States didnt enter WWII? An estimated 25 million Soviet citizens perished in the titanic conflict with Nazi Germany between June 1941 and May 1945. This was the final blow to Japanese war effort and broke the camels back, by the way. This isnt to say the U.S. won the war on its own. The war might have ended in 1915 or 1916 with a negotiated peace Roosevelt had caved in to Churchills delaying tactics on the invasion before, and now all concerned, from Hopkins to Marshall to Leahy, were worried it might happen again. A monument in Fairbanks, Alaska, to the American pilots who flew almost 8,000 U.S. planes to Alaska and to the Soviet pilots who flew them on to Siberia as part of Lend-Lease. After that point it was about who would end up with how much of Europe at the end of the war. Most Russians believe the Soviet military would have been able to win World War II without the efforts of the U.S. or its allies, a new poll finds. Individual Americans supported one side or the other, although the majority were sympathetic to the Allies. Lend-Lease to the Soviets was critical even in 1941: You really need to broaden your sources, Lend-Lease had nil effect on the outcome of Barbarossa, and again you are trying to narrow the scope of the discussion. The war may have lasted into 1946, but the Soviets would still have captured Berlin and probably would have overrun the rest of Germany, too. But we must also note that Lend Lease started without US joining the war, on FDRs initiative, andit would be there until the end of the war even if US did not join the war. Under Lend-Lease, the United States provided more than one-third of all the explosives used by the Soviet Union during the war. And the US's wartime economy still had room to spool up even more. But it cannot be denied that the Americans sent us materiel Nikita Khruschev, who later became Soviet Premier, was aware of this and noted in his memoirs: "How could we have advanced from Stalingrad and Kursk on to Berlin without American aid and foodstuffs? The only viable route seems to be towards the West from Northern Italy, from a narrow region towards France. It was a great symbol of prestige for the resurgent Kriegsmarine, but the money and material could have been utilized in a larger U-Boat force. He motivated factory managers by reminding them what happened to people who didnt meet Stalins quotas and pointedly said, I am responsible for the tanks with my head. While Soviet efforts to mobilize labour and industrial resources were prodigious, it should be noted that the rapid expansion of Soviet tank production would have been handicapped without the delivery of Lend-Lease raw materials and machine tools to replace equipment lost in the hasty evacuations. I assume that since Overlord hasn't happened that most or at least many of the German troops garrisoning France are available to be redeployed to Munich, Budapest, or anywhere else the Germans care to send them. In the Western popular imagination -- particularly the American one -- World War II is a conflict we won. How behind Japan was in regard to war production and technology, we see in 1939 in Khalkin Gol, where Zhukov had devastated a sizable Japanese army during the course of ~4 months. Allies couldnt have won WW2 without full US support Allies could have won WW2 with US material aid but without US manpower Results are only viewable after voting. But without the Allies in his back, Hitler would have sent all his 2 US taking on Japan and preventing them from attacking anyone else isan important contribution, but especially in the light of #1, it doesnt seem to be critical. My object was to cheer up Harry and give him my ideas as to how he was to hold the president in line if he couldI have no doubt of the British people doing it. When we analyze these, a quick conclusion comes as described below: 1 US help in Lend Lease to USSR and Britainwas considerable. Red Army tank officers were not impressed with the 2-pounder (40mm) gun on the Matilda and Valentines, nor their poor cross-country mobility, but their 6075mm-thick armour was impervious to German 3.7cm and 5cm anti-tank weapons. The United States is a country of machines. Franz Ferdinand was the strongest spokesman for peace in Austria-Hungary. Considering all the above information, it is reasonable to conclude that the war could be won without participation of US, or even Lend Lease, but it would cost much more lives and take much longer, and affect broader segments of world population. But things suddenly take a weird turn after North Africa: Landings in Western Europe keep getting delayed despite all pressures from Soviets. Even with everything noted above, Germany and its European partners could have still won the war were it not for Germanys declaration of war on the United States on December 11, 1941. It is our living history. It is hard to overestimate the negative impact Hitlers foolhardy violation of the Munich Pact had upon Chamberlain. This gave Poland the footing it needed to refuse all of Hitlers subsequent attempts to negotiate the return of this Polish occupied German city. WebAnd without U.S. supplies, the Soviet war effort would have been massively diminished. They were rapidly obsoleted and were relegated to back line duties (reserve, regional back line defense, training) towards 1943 due to speed of technological advancement on both sides. With Britain gone, Hitler could have transferred more of his Panzer Divisions from France as well as the Afrika Corps. The 76-year-old's private plane is expected to land at Aberdeen Malyshev took charge of an industry that was in chaos, moving the Leningrad and Kharkov tank plants to the Urals. And not surprisingly, not only the few German forces which took over Italys defense from Italian armies defended all of Italy easily and a lot of lives were lost in hilly Italian countryside, but also even at the end of the war the forces in Italy were not able to move out of soft underbelly of Axis towards French hinterland, leave aside Germany. Germany had the military The highlight of the event was the lowering of the captured German standards, which were flung down in front of Lenin's Tomb to be trampled by Soviet marshals riding white horses. The plane spent 69 years on the tundra before a Russian Geographical Society expedition rescued it in 2016 and returned the wreckage to Krasnoyarsk. Many contributed to relief efforts; others volunteered as ambulance drivers or nurses, or even as pilots and soldiers. However non-combat aid like trucks, radios are an important factor. More than 20,000 Katyusha mobile multiple-rocket launchers were mounted on the chassis of American Studebaker trucks. In addition, almost half of all the rails used by the Soviet Union during the war came through Lend-Lease. This naturally means that though lack of such supplies like radios and vehicles like trucks would be detrimental, they would not have been critical. without the US sending in Millions of troops and supplying material I dont see an Entente victory. It is a little known fact that Hitler passed up a huge opportunity to satisfy his few remaining territorial demands after the signing of the Munich Pact for the return of the free German city of Danzig and/or the Polish Corridor along with some former German colonies in Africa and the Pacific without the need for war between Germany and Poland, let alone between Germany and the United Kingdom and France. Without Lend-Lease it would have been nearer. "During World War II, only the supplies brought in by Lend-Lease prevented the paralysis of rail transport in the Soviet Union.". Why did Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria ally with Germany in WWII and what impact did they have? Though after landing and adapting to Western Front warfare after a while US forces were the backbone of the effort in Western Front, by the time they started making advance into Germany the war was more or less considered over by many on both sides. "I want to tell you what, from the Russian point of view, the president and the United States have done for victory in this war," Stalin said. What do you think would have happened if the US had not entered the war on the side of the Allies? WebThe war in Europe was not just won with Soviet blood. Many experts have considered the US impossible to invade because of its major industries, reliable and fast supply lines, large geographical size, geographic location, population size, and difficult regional features. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Myth: Japan could have won World War II, if only the Japanese had bombed the oil depots at Pearl Harbor in addition to the ships. In 1941 Germany only produced 2,900 tanks a number that increased to 17,300 by 1944! British-built armour plate also had a much higher nickel content 3 per cent versus 1 per cent for Russian-made steel which reduced the risk of armour spalling (i.e. Japan is a special case which maybe we shouldnt even consider in regard to war production. So in World War One, I think fresh American troops helped change the outcome. 3 US as the major part of landings in Northern Africa, Italy and Europe. WebFact: Adolf Hitler Could Have Won World War II As we celebrate the ending of the war 75 years ago, know this: victory for the Allies was never guaranteed, and historians agree WebThe war may have lasted into 1946, but the Soviets would still have captured Berlin and probably would have overrun the rest of Germany, too. More trucks weren't possible again because the nation wasn't on a war economy. Could we really have set up the production of our tanks without American steel? The first installment of wartime Allied aid that reached the Soviet Union in 1942, although small by later standards, amounted to some 5 per cent of Soviet GNP in that year. Kennedy says that most historians agree that American entry into World War I tipped the scales against Germany and that without the participation of the United States the Allies would have lost, defined as having to make a compromise peace with the Germans largely on German terms. Things werent going well for the. Which still means the answer to the OP is yes, the Allies could win. By D-Day, Germany had only 600 fighters left, essentially nothing. American and Soviet pilots pose in front of a Bell P-39 Airacobra, supplied to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease program. Churchill would have been ousted by a pragmatist, perhaps RAB Butler or Sir John Simon who would have sought peace with Hitler in exchange for some degree of self determination, which would in effect have counted for little. To this day, there is still a tendency among Germans to believe that they lost only because they were outnumbered, and to minimize or ignore the extent to which they were outfought. WebIn the summer of 1945, Japans war leaders knew they were not going to win World War II. The impact of the United States joining the war was significant. US started the war with equipment rather sub par for European front (Tanks, Aircraft especially), and when first batches of these supplies arrived in USSR, they were already unusable in the main front except a few items and they were in small numbers. History Forum for World History - Historical Events, Historians, Archaeology, Ancient History, Modern History, Human History, History Books, Military History. The consideration that the possibility of landings tying German forces before invasion comes to mind. Responding to President Franklin D. US lost five major wars after 1945 However, the US was unable to get any significant victory in its wars abroad. On December 7, 1941, the U.S. naval base Pearl Harbor was the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces that would push the U.S. into entering WWII. Afterwards, he sent troops to occupy the Czech Republic on May 15, 1939 in flagrant violation of the terms of Munich Pact. Yet, the Germans lacked in numerous other ways. Should we condemn the French Revolution? Robert Coalson is a senior correspondent for RFE/RLwho covers Russia, the Balkans, and Eastern Europe. It was really the only time Nazi Germany had actually declared war on an enemy, and it needed not to have happened. Sure but this not what the OP specified so the answer remains yes the Allies could win without direct US involvement or even with the pre Lend-Lease levels of support if it happens early in the war. Almost all of the 23 victims of the attack on Friday There were the puppet states of Slovakia and Slovenia, volunteers from across Europe including neutral Spain, but all this was matched against Great Britain, France, Poland, the Soviet Union, and notably the United States. It had been foreseen in 1916 that if the United States went to war, the Allies military effort against Germany would be upheld by U.S. supplies and by enormous extensions of credit. On: July 7, 2022. By the same token, the extraordinary pitch of mobilization achieved by the Soviet Union in 1942 and early 1943 was not sustainable. Couldn't the 1 million strong 21st army group have advanced that deep? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. We have seen a hundred times, especially in American cinema, references to how the help of the USA was indispensable for the allied victory in Europe. We gave the British dozens of surplus destroyers. W. Without the need to fight in the Atlantic; to transport large amounts of troops, equipment, and supplies across the entire continent; and the necessity to defend against Allied bombing, Germany could have massively reduced its U-boat, locomotive, and anti-aircraft gun and ammunition production and converted at least part of these capacities into the production of more aircraft and equipment for land warfare. In regard to combat balance, we see many disasters in Western Front as well. Throw in the fact that Germany's victories in Poland, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France didn't really help this tied down vast amounts of men and material that could have been better used on the frontlines in the Soviet Union. We cannot measure the distance of the Soviet economy from the point of collapse in 1942, but it seems beyond doubt that collapse was near. On the Soviet side, the Western Front still had 328 tanks left in thirteen tank brigades and the 1st Guards Motorized Rifle Division (1GRMD) by the end of October: thirty-three KV-1, 175 T-34, forty-three BT, fifty T-26 and thirty-two T-60. After demanding Slovakia declare independence, Czech President Emil Hocha traveled to Germany to meet with Hitler and request a German guarantee of the Czech Republic. It is no exaggeration to say that America won the war abroad and the peace at home at the same time. So, until 1944 summer, Soviets were practically alone in Europe. If in a worse scenario the Soviets would have lost Leningrad or the Kavkaz oil fields, or maybe even Moscow, they would just move their government, army, factories and supplies to Siberia. The same applies to their contribution in forcing the Germans to leave most heavy artillery in the Reich as anti-aircraft weapons, preventing them from being used as anti-tank weapons in the East. Finland was only in the war to fight the Soviet Union, while the same was largely true of Romania and Hungary. Italy was a reliable partner but its army was neither prepared nor even eager for war. Britain, regardless of their stubborn perseverance, was undermanned and under supplied compared to Germany, as evidenced by quick reversal of the early victories they won in North Africa against Italy, after Rommel landed. It was the job of the ordinary German to perish in Eastern Front where he stood. Opposing camps of historians generally agree on that, but little else when it comes to "One-on-one against Hitler's Germany, we would not have withstood its onslaught and would have lost the war. 117,000The armies of the Central Powers mobilised 25 million soldiers and 3.5 million of them died.World War 1 casualties. If we consider Lend Lease never happened, these resources would need to be spent by USSR, and hence hamper war machinery production. So even though Japan could easily cripple British presence in SE Asia easily with its Navy (they mostly did that already), it is rather difficult to imagine Japan subduing India which would turn into another China for Japan. WebFor the Allies in World War Two, the defeat of Germany was their priority. Dont Violate the Munich Pact by Occupying the Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia. On April 23, 1947, it was forced to make an emergency landing with 36 people on board near the village of Volochanka on the Taimyr Peninsula. WebTo give an idea: IIRC, just before Japan's defeat, in one year the United States pumped out as much material as Japan did over the course of the war. Isolation was no longer an option. And how much steel! America fought five major wars after 1945 including Korea, Vietnam, Gulf War, Iraq, and Afghanistan in addition to some minor wars in Somalia, Yemen, and Libya. Overcoming massive defeats and colossal losses over the first 18 months of the war, the Red Army was able to reorganize and rebuild to form a juggernaut that marched all the way to Berlin. Britain still would have prevailed. But for the sake of a full spectrum analysis, lets assume that Lend Lease was tied to US joining the war, and if US did not join, there would be no Lend Lease. America supplied Stalin with 400,000 trucks, 2,000 locomotives, more than 10,000 rail Many of the arguments are colored either by existing national or social biases, and many of them are colored by propaganda be it World War II propaganda, be it Cold War propaganda. Most famously, Soviet dictator Josef Stalin raised a toast to the Lend-Lease program at the November 1943 Tehran conference with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt. Nazi Germany had a powerful High Seas Fleet, but it was still really no match for the British Royal Navy and it never really could be. What would have happened if the Allies lost ww1? Plausibility check: could a better handled Italy have become France's partner in enforcing the Versailles treaty? There would have been effects life in britain and russia would have been less plesent and food less plentiful. Most Russians believe the Soviet military would have been able to win World War II without the efforts of the U.S. or its allies, a Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, fifteen years older than FDR and highly respected by him as an open-minded, patriotic Republican, had had Hopkins to lunch in his office at the Pentagon the day before he left for Tehran expressly to explore how they could stiffen the presidents resolve. The Russian army would have advanced more slowly and few british supplies would have been available. This caused him to do an about-face and guarantee Poland against potential German military aggression, which Hitler had never even contemplated up to that point. Scan this QR code to download the app now. After the war, it was transferred to civilian aviation, carrying passengers over the frozen tundra above the Arctic Circle. Germanys resumption of submarine attacks on passenger and merchant ships in 1917 became the primary motivation behind Wilsons decision to lead the United States into World War I. Though this indeed tied some German forces, the forces were not anything which could be compared to what was being thrown to Eastern Front, with one notable panzer group being stationed ner Pas de Calais (Hitlers folly), and most of the preparation taking the form of elaborate fortifications that were called Atlantic Wall prepared mainly by Rommel. Germany had the military potential to defeat France and could have likely forced Britain to make peace, but with a Navy less than one-sixth the size of Britains, it had no means of attacking U.S. territory, let alone defeating the U.S. military. Thus, Hitler could have achieved the last of his territorial objectives without war, with the exception of those pertaining to the Soviet Union. Spam saved the Soviet Union? When World War II started, America was isolationist and the Soviet Union collaborationist. Unfortunately, his offer was ignored by Allied leaders who proceeded to declare war the following day. Such machines were of higher quality than analogues produced in the Soviet Union, which made a significant contribution to boosting Soviet industrial production. On December 8, 1941, one day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States declared war on Japan. By Malyshev encouraged the use of stamped parts and a cast turret in order to cut corners, accepting a certain temporary reduction in quality in return for much greater output of tanks. WebIf the US continued to send supplies to the Allies, then the Allies probably win, nothing else appearing. What were the 3 reasons the US entered WW1? Could Nazi Germany conquer Britain in World War II. However, I have serious doubts that the Germans would have been able to win the war had the USA stay neutral. When the war ended, almost 33 percent of all the Red Army's vehicles had been provided through Lend-Lease. Both sides would have complained. Defeat never came down to one battle or one campaign. In addition, much of the $31 billion worth of aid sent to the United Kingdom was also passed on to the Soviet Union via convoys through the Barents Sea to Murmansk. Allied advance in the West definitely took some heat off of Eastern Front, but as can be understood from the situation by the time of landings, Germans did not fear Western Front as they regarded Eastern Front. WebBy the time the allies were pushing through Europe, the US had collected many victories in the pacific, the arena of carriers and planes. Germany had to deal with resistance and partisan efforts, and as the tide of war turned its "allies" left the fight. In World War II, the Allies outfought the Axis on land, in the air, and at sea. It was quite well equipped with 9,248 tanks, 6,584 artillery pieces and. Its merely that their Prime Minister is balking, Stimson wrote in his diary. WebRelatives and friends have buried children and others killed in a Russian missile attack on the central Ukrainian city of Uman. Yes Lend-Lease was vital, In order to ensure that tank production goals were met by Soviet industry, Stalin made Vyacheslav Malyshev, an engineer who had proven himself in the expansion of Soviet heavy industry in the 1930s, head of the Peoples Commissariat of the Tank Industry of the USSR (NKTP) that was established on 11 September. We had lost our grain-producing areas". The body of the captain, Maksim Tyurikov, was found by local hunters about 120 kilometers from the wreck in 1953. Most visibly, the United States provided the Soviet Union with more than 400,000 jeeps and trucks, 14,000 aircraft, 8,000 tractors and construction vehicles, and 13,000 battle tanks. "It was not just some piece of scrap metal. All rights reserved. I already posted a similar thread about US involvement in WWI. However it doesnt seem to be critical to the wars result. We all know how the war turned outwith an overwhelming Soviet-Western Allied victory over Nazi Germany ending with the destruction of Germany and the death by starvation of millions of its citizens. Historically, Germany already outproduced the USSR in certain areas like locomotives, trucks, and even bombers, with 12,664 produced by Germany in the years 19411943 as compared to 11,359 built by the USSR.170 Without Allied intervention and Lend-Lease, Soviet margins in these areas would most likely have widened, while margins in areas such as tanks would have shrunk significantly. What would NOT have happened would have been an invasion of the UK. The British and Soviet war efforts were supported strongly by lend lease weapons from the US. War of 1812. JavaScript is disabled. No one talks about this officially, and Stalin never, I think, left any written traces of his opinion, but I can say that he expressed this view several times in conversations with me.". On March 12, 1943, the plane was given to the Soviet Air Force in Fairbanks, Alaska, and given the registration USSR-N238. We took up first the question of OVERLORD which we both agreed was the most important problem now before the world and about which we are both anxious owing to the very doubtful attitude of the British Prime Minister. Had Hitlers claims against Poland been negotiated peacefully, not only would he have succeeded in averting the outbreak of war with Poland and the Western Allies, but he would not have felt the need to sign the Hitler-Stalin Pact of August 1939 carving up eastern Europe between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. But Whereas Japan would not benefit from the lack of resources and infrastructure in these areas. Therefore they would still have to keep some forces there even if they could reduce them much more. Not enough men. 21st Army Group could advance from Venice/Trieste to Vienna and Prague, but there's no one on their flanks. Without the machines we received through Lend-Lease, we would have lost the war.". The Soviets fought with American fighters, American tanks, 400,000 By June 1944, Soviets were already positioning for their drive into Germany, as can be seen from the state of Eastern Front at that date: Just a month after Normandy, Red Army was already pushing into Germany. Not to mention the "scorched earth" strategy which had already taken it's toll on the Germans. From the depths of the Cold War to the present day, many Soviet and Russian politicians have ignored or downplayed the impact of American assistance to the Soviets, as well as the impact of the entire U.S.-British war against the Nazis. FranceWhich countries have won the most battles? He rapidly began to simplify construction procedures for the T-34 and within less than a year the number of man-hours required to produce T-34s was cut in half.
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