Only show final output (no arrows) Save Output Words . It is intended for anyone who wants to create artificial languagesfor a fantasy or an alien world, as a hobby, as an interlanguage. and the sound changes for Kebreni (right-click!). This means that s is deleted when it ends a word. I use capital letters inflectional system. The extensions should be left off. if a case distinction is maintained in some words and lost in others, it may spread degemination (making single consonants from double consonants). Has the Melford Hall manuscript poem "Whoso terms love a fire" been attributed to any poetDonne, Roe, or other? N is any nasal. simply edit the source and output files with an editor, using that E.g. What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? You won't have much control over what you get, but you may get something interesting. Hello, r/conlangs! It should be easy to make on-the-fly revisions to a project, even one you haven't touched in months. gitlab. The words will merge, beginning to mean the same grammatically synonyms. You can define any variables needed to state your sound changes. Keep a date by your words to indicate when they were first incorporated into your language. This doesnt work on IE. I might nothing about phonetics, so you have to remember to Report which rules apply prints a report in the Output section listing every time a rule applies, like this: Rewrite on output controls whether the rewrite rules should be reversed when writing the output lexicon. Most people think English spelling is hopeless; but in fact the rules predict The Yasgheld (/'jz.gld/) sound change applier is a project to create a sound-change applier to assist historical conlangers with consistent sound changes. S=ptc the first rule voices the p, resulting in obera; the second It is available in the form of a searchable archive, enabling its online users to retrieve universals in terms of any of the individual words or combinations of words that occur in their formulation or in their documentation. conlanging GitHub Topics GitHub I wanted to share something that I found useful in school and in hobby: a guide to sound changes over time. Yasgheld is licensed under the MIT software license. This means we can read this as "post-vocalic [x] becomes [h] in initial syllables only.". It includes an online interface with descriptions of borrowed affixes in terms of their forms and functions, examples of combinations of borrowed affixes with native stems, search functions, maps, and over 230 bibliographical references.. Cookie Notice sounds: The Sound Change Applier This page describes a simple program which can apply a set of sound changes to a lexicon. It can produce output for the Sound Change Applier or for gen, the lexical generator. It presents linguistically sound methods for creating naturalistic languageswhich can be reversed to create non-naturalistic languages. A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Jamie Norrish, May 11 '06 If you need contextual rewrite rules just use SCA! This allows you to test for something earlier or later on in the word. C is any consonant. How do you model language changes with wave theory (areal developments)? The program will handle whatever you put into the .lex and .sc Sound Change Applier - bloglang It comes from adding onto . The Universals Archive is a searchable encyclopaedia with logical examples and occurrences of most linguistic features in the world, the universal ones and use statistics and correlation to determine the naturalistic contexts of the features. The word to be changed will refuse to change. In the case that two words would be pronounced the same if a certain sound change happens, one of the following things can happen: Some kinds of sound changes are more common than others. The Language Construction Kit on Zompist.com, is a relatively famous conlanging tutorial created by Mark Rosenfelder. A command-line sound change applier written in Python. Rules apply in the order they're listed. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Make a note of how certain sounds are "eroded" or, I guess more properly, how they evolve. These are defined at the top of the file. y is what it changes to, Please note: right-click on the links to I'm pretty tired and I may have been at a trivia night or two myself tonight, so I'll proofread this in the morning. Most of the time these slight differences are just noise and you go back to saying everything the same as before, but sometimes you make those mistakes often enough that they start to become a consistent part of your speech. If sounds says your file could not be read in and you're sure How did Tolkien model diachronic changes in his Elvish languages? The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. If the language you're working with requires a special font, Is there a sound change applier that will work within excel? I'm curious, and also want to know if I should switch out of using Zompist, which I've been using for the past long time. This option is useful for very long vocabulary lists. Every week, the hosts George Corley, Bianca Richards (ne Mangum), William S. Annis, David J. Peterson and Mike Lentine, as well as the occasional guest talk about a conlanging- or linguistics-related topic one week and feature a conlang or natlang the next. What "benchmarks" means in "what are benchmarks for?". or lexical rules to apply. Let them go through changes over time and keep a record of the steps (and the years these intermediary words were used). The World Atlas of Language Structures, WALS, is a database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials. It suggests further reading for those who want to know more and shortcuts for those who want to know less. Assimilation is when a sound changes to become more similar to the surrounding sounds. the executables, pick Save Target As, and save them to your disk. Degemination can be accomplished using the special character . You should see several of the words change, now retaining their final s.). I'm not asking what sound changes are or how they work; just what I can do to begin using them on my own language. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. because the C will not match the digraph ch. . You could write extra rules to handle the digraphs; but it's often more convenient This can be very useful to see what the effect of a changed rule is. lector --> leitor. Sound Change Appliers : r/conlangs - Reddit These are defined in the Categories box. The atlas provides information on the location, linguistic affiliation and basic typological features of a great number of the world's languages. for this, though this is not a requirement. As time progresses and a language is often used, sounds start to change; different phonemes are used. The Language Creation Society is a prestigious body of professional conlangers and resources. This means that the stops ptc This page was last edited on 28 January 2021, at 21:39. Currently I have a completed phonology, most of the grammar, and I'm beginning the lexicon. phonix, a feature-based sound-change applier. Here's an example: At year 500, introduce loan words that didn't undergo rules A or B. To answer part a), the basic syntax of the notation goes like this: The part after the slash gives the situations in which the sound changes occur. The __ indicates a "placeholder" for where the original sound was and where the new sound goes. p/b/V_V e//C_rV Actually, sound change appliers strike me as being very much a 'scratch own itch' type of project . This may be used to create a full lexicon or to simply pick the genereated words that appeal to you. Add your rewrite rules at the top and bottom of the file, with the appropriate context specifications. It also host an interactive glossary on linguistic features and terms. I use capital letters
for this, though this is not a requirement. Remnants of Germanic umlaut can be seen in English, e.g. phonix, a feature-based sound-change applier : r/conlangs - Reddit This page is not available in other languages. $ . The notation above is a common practice in rule-based phonology (I think. Lenition is especially common intervocalically (between two vowels). That means running the program in a command window. This subreddit is focused on the discussion of conlangs, tools, and activities to aid you in the construction of your own conlang, and creating a community environment where we can all enjoy conlanging together. Mark Rosenfelder, 2018. One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. Link: https://trimill.github.io/sca/. i//VC_V The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Jamie Norrish wrote: >Henrik Theiling writes: > >[Global and local boolean flags] > > In the way you can mark for dialects, my script allows . You can use sounds to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang , or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. Now you can run sounds as described above. The four non-lateral consonants ( [n] appears as a word final allophone of [], [p] is the most common realisation of the top right phoneme) And here are the vowels! The proto-language is going to be a conlang just as we have been making up until this point and should not have any history to it. Lateral consonants + Palatal click. I recently rejoined the subreddit after a long bout of silent conlanging. The child language is the result; the language that you will present to other people, or put in your novel, or whatever other reason you conlang for. The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. Email: nguhmail@gmail.comNguh Conlangs Website: https://www.nguh.orgInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/agmaschwa/Merch: https://www.storefrontier.com/nguh-tonners646a657070656d612076696e6172786175207265 etc. About. Mark Rosenfelder, 2012. Now type cd plus the name of the directory Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. If you use accented vowels, you will conlang GitHub Topics GitHub it's there-- you probably have file extensions turned off, and what you think fam(i)ly, mem(o)ry [medial vowels deleted]; 'populu > people [unstressed vowels other than 'a' deleted in Latin if greater than 2 syllables], deletion of initial sound (mostly vowels), apoteca (Latin) > bodega (Spanish) 'warehouse', skola (Latin) > eskola (Old French) 'school', insertion of consonant between consonants, husped > huspede (some Spanish dialects) 'guest', vowel lengthens to fill space from deletion, *ton > to: > tu (English evolution) 'tooth', /s/ or /z/ goes to /r/ usually between vowels or glides, *hauzjan > ho:ren > hieran (English evolution) 'hear', sounds change positions (sometimes sporatically), prbbli > prbli 'probably' (some English dialects), (term for dipthongization used in Germanic linguistics) *kald > ceald (Old English) 'cold', common changes are devoicing of stops or obstruents but sonorants or final vowels can also devoice, lupu > lobo 'wolf'; vi:ta > vida 'life" (Spanish evolution); can affect just stops, just fricatives, or all obstruents for example, nasals agree in place with following sound, velar or alveolar to palato-alveolar before/after /i/ or /j/ or before front vowels, consonants are palatalized upon a condition, susi > susji > susj (some Finnish dialects) 'wolf', auru- > oro (Latin to Spanish) 'gold'; some English dialects before /r/ like fa:r 'fire', ta:r 'tire', low or mid vowels raise to mid or high vowels, long or tense or word-final vowels frequently rise, high or mid vowels lowering to mid or low, vowels vowels frequently lower before uvular or pharyngeal consonants or a low vowel in the next syllable; nasalized vowels often lower, nasalization of vowel before a nasal consonant, bon > bn > b (French) 'good'; common for nasalization to be followed by deletion of the nasal, single consonant changes to a doubled consonant, some Finnish dialects change VCV: to VCCV: as in pakoon > pakkoon 'into flight', sequence of two identical consonants is reduced to a single consonant, pekkatu- > pekado (Latin to Spanish) 'sin, misfortune', consonant (usually a stop or fricative) becomes an affricate, rapra > rara (Cuzco Quechua syllable-final stops) 'leaf, wing', in Mayan, vowels are lengthened before a consonant cluster which begins with a sonorant (l, r, m, n): kenq' > ke:nq', common word-finally, before consonant clusters, when unstressed; long vowels also often merge with short vowels. By what means might the roots "let" and "ly" mean the same thing in a naturalistic conlang? Hit Generate to create a random wordlist. Apply applies the sound changes to the input lexicon, generating the output lexicon. The /, In Japanese, the pronunciation of as /, In some American English dialects, the diphthong /. (There are some general rules that determine what this actually means, although it can vary between languages). The Conlangery Podcast is a weekly podcast created by conlangers, for conlangers. Re: Reversible sound change applier . Rules apply in the order theyre listed. So the above rule can also be written, The environment must always contain
an underline _, representing the
part that changes. can use alternate fields to indicate the conlang (i.e., the \lx heads are in the natlang, \ge is the English gloss, and \gn, nominally the "national language" gloss, could be used for the . To use command line parameters you have to have a command line. have the Notepad icon, and if you double-click it Windows will ask what app to open need it on those occasions when I want to do some conlanging, which I haven't had much time for recently. Why xargs does not process the last argument? What sort of sound changes should you use? A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. More generally, a sound change looks like this: V is any vowel, but v is /v/ in very. phono - phonology creator - Zompist.com Save Sound Changes. After centuries the stones will be smooth. Sound change is nigh unstoppable. SCA - sound change applier - help - Zompist.com 48. r/conlangs. /ategutul/ goes from 'very gross' to 'inedible food'. For instance, the French and are now pronounced [] and [o]; in Modern Greek, the combinations <> and <> are pronounced [i]. -* Old Portuguese. orthographic Portuguese, simply to make for an easy example. Examples: Input Words Sound Changes Output >> >> Load Input Words. The notation used is the same as in @Doorknob's answer above. Lexurgy SC - Meamoria They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans . SCA - Sound Change Applier. It doesn't matter: the program This word exhibits sounds that did not change with rule B. This feature was very common in Old French and Ancient Greek, leading some the diphthongs of these languages to be monophthongized. A Guide to Sound Changes : r/conlangs - Reddit As the name suggests, it is a proto-language, which eventually I am hoping to expand into a family of languages. Categories: C=ptkbdg R=rl V=ieaou. A cohesive toolset for naturalistic conlang creation. Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? I spent a good part of my day recently messing around with the zompist sound change applier . A few examples are intervocalic flapping in many English dialects (/btr/ [b]) and the pronunciation of /b, d, g/ as fricatives or approximants, roughly [, , ], in most contexts in Spanish. Runs from the command line using Java and is easily configured with text files. Sometimes you want the rewrite rules to apply only to the input. It is also available on iTunes and you can now support them on Patreon. The z part must always contain When logging sound changes, a standardized notation is used, which looks something like this: In this formula, the underscore indicates where our phoneme in question would be, and it can be read as "when [x] follows [z], it becomes [y]". leitor leitor [lector] I think both answers have done a good job answering my question without leaving too much out. Pronounce one of the words over and over and try "permutations in the phonetic neighbourhood" like CWADRUT CWADRUT CHWADRUT CHWADHRUT CHWAAHRUTH HWAARRUS HWAARUH HAWARH HAWWAR. It uses Python, which you'll need to install to be able to use it; most Linices should have it already installed. The middle (y) part can be blank, as in says to delete voiced stops between vowels. So, The replacement string can be blank, as in. intended to delete an i onset following an intervocalic consonant: SCA was originally written as an aid for linguists and conlangers to simulate the effects of the Neo-grammarian concept of sound-change and is . This page was last edited on 27 December 2021, at 19:37. SIL provides a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages. [kw] relaxes into [hw]; [dr] > [r] > [r]; as the final syllable weakens, the accent shifts towards the word head; as the accent shifts towards the word head, medial long vowels become shortened. The replacement string must be nonblank, and the environment must contain at least one symbol besides _. It also refers to sounds that disappear altogether. Another possible inconsistency for sound changes is that more frequent words are more subject to changes. We have also added the hash to the second half of the equation, which indicates a word boundary (either initial or final). Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. To improve my Latin-to-Portuguese file, for instance, I would So, with the word opera and the rules. So you really have a lot of room for creativity here, while still being able to be naturalistic. Sometimes two parallel dialects run along slightly different tracks. You can use variables in the first two parts as well. Here are the three SCA's shown in this video:SCA2: https://www.zompist.com/sca2.htmlTriSCA: https://trimill.github.io/sca/Lexurgy: https://www.lexurgy.com/s. Hit the Help button for more. In Notepad, for instance, change the Some rules of sound change: As you will see below, these terms are general: multiple terms may refer to the same phenomena. I guess this forum really isn't set up for the kind of intense assistance & interaction you really need. use accented vowels for this. Similar ideas are umlaut and vowel harmony, in which vowels change depending on other vowels in the word. 101 examples on affix borrowing between languages. A sound change applier, for historical conlanging. Variable definitions should come first, one per line; then sound changes, one per line. For example, *cwadrut yields hawar in language A and qewarro in language B and kawrs in language C but shwuntz in language D and shhwandaras in language E. As you examine other words, you notice that ancestral [k-] remains [k] or becomes [h] (both palatal sounds) in several languages, all of which are at the eastern end of this proto language's continuum; while most of the languages where ancestral [k-] has become [] are all in the west. will merge. Look under Programs/Accessories and run Command Prompt. Click this to save your output lexicon as a text file. I've heard good things about Haedus, Phonix, RSCA, VSCA and many more. insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. historical linguistics - Across West Germanic Languages, what sound See the enclosed LICENSE file for the full text of the license. This option is good for applying a permanent lexical transformation to a list of words. Try creating a rule where /e/ only deletes in the second syllable and only if the first syllable is high vowel + affricate. Nonce categories can be defined either in the target (first part of the rule) or environment (last part), by enclosing the alternatives within brackets. The word is an example. This causes alternations between /s/ and /r/ in some words' inflected forms: Flower is flos in the nominative singular, but floris in the genitive. The results may surprise you if you didnt realize your transcription system was ambigious. language family for ideas. For example, final-obstruent devoicing in e.g. Files include input lexicon affects the file sharing buttons. Are there any SCAs beside RSCA that can reconstruct backwards? Parse .sc will parse the consolidated text in the Sound Changes text box into the appropriate input boxes. To do: It takes some practice to be able to do this well, so don't worry too much if the final product isn't exactly the same as your draft.
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