Those portions unprocessed on the lowest level are distributed for processing on the next lowest level. For bitcoin, about 58% of transactions are processed by four mining pools, mostly in China. 56. In a recent interview, Ripple CTO David Schwartz talked about the advantages of XRP Ledger's consensus mechanism over Bitcoin's Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanisms. The computer system of claim 23, wherein each computer within the computer system is a personal type computer. 32. Referring to FIG. The first links transfer portions of the task and any additional task bidirectionally. The computer system of claim 46, wherein each computer means within the computer system is substantially similar in construction. 1 is a block diagram of a cluster computer system; FIG. Importantly, while only permissioned institutions can use Ripples products, xRapid is designed to make it easier for banks to use the XRP cryptocurrency, which anyone can buy, and the XRP platform on which anyone can build. The computer system of claim 46, wherein the third link means are operable for transferring portions of the task, additional task and further additional task bidirectionally. However, a patent document shared by an XRP influencer known as XRP King Doggo IV indicates that Schwartz may have developed the rough concept for the network as far back as 1988. Initially, a user requests that a task be processed in a, If a computer on a level III is available to process that portion of the task, such portion is sent on a D line to that available computer under, Assuming that computers 410-440 are not available for processing the portion of the task which, If one or more computers are available in level IV of, If there are no computers available throughout, In another alternative embodiment of the invention, those portions of the task which have not been transfered for processing to a lower level of the system through D links and which can not be currently processed by the computer which has these one or more portions is transfered along one or more C links until reaching a computer on a higher level which can either process the task itself or has received status signals of availability from a lower level computer. And that really, philosophically, bothers me, Schwartz says. Paged Memory Management Unit User's Manual by Motorola, published 1986-cover page, title page, copyright page pp. 46. But one where the settlement, the actual movement of money, the actual plumbing underneath the surface, would be a decentralized, open network, Schwartz says. In the abstract of the patent filed by Schwartz in August 1988, he describes a distributed network of computers for distributed data processing, with each node handling portions of the data. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), 3 g daily, and matched placebo on alcohol cue-elicited alcohol craving during a human laboratory paradigm after 4 weeks of daily dosing among participants ages 14-20 with alcohol use disorder (AUD) as confirmed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and . The computer system of claim 9, wherein each computer within the computer system is substantially similar in construction. They sell the coins periodically and have distributed many to insiders. 35. Meawhile he was getting interested in cryptography. a complete chain) within that level. 4 is a block diagram of a computer in accordance with the invention; FIG. communication) between computers is present in a distributed computer system except in regard to sharing the same hard disk drive and/or printer. 4, a computer 100 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 110, a, Each of the elements within computer 100 is an off the shelf item. Known as "JoelKatz . A task. Schwartz went on to help build two financial tools that would become Ripples first core products: xVia, a payment interface designed to let users send payments globally with increased transparency, and xCurrent, enterprise software that lets banks initiate and settle transactions. Ripple isnt the only blockchain startup that is after SWIFT. The method of claim 28, further including transferring portions of the task along the second link means bidirectionally. In processing each task within the computer system, different portions of the task are processed at the same time by different computers. Under Schwartzs technical leadership, Ripple would like to bring global money transfers into the 21st century. He is one of the chief architects of the XRP Ledger, but a patent filing in 1988 shows he had a similar vision for a decentralized network before there was anything called a blockchain. wherein the number of first link means and the number of second link means associated with each computer of said low level computer means are unequal and wherein said high level computer means and said low level computer means are operable for processing different portions of the task at the same time and for processing different portions of the additional task at the same time and wherein each computer within the low level computer means is coupled to at least one other computer within the low level computer means through two second link means whereby the low level computer means forms a ring of computers. Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification. The A and B links (especially if used to form a comlete ring of computers on the same level) avoid such upward passing by providing communications links to computers 100 on the same level or lower levels. The C link of each computer 100 is used to communicate/transfer information to or receive information from another computer 100 which is on a higher level of the system. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resource being a machine, e.g. It was a fantastic experience, Schwartz says. David Schwartz is the current Chief Technology Officer at Ripple and he has been active in most of the social media platforms explaining his vision for a decentralized ledger as well as simplifying the remittance industry via Ripple products and XRP. While the XRP blockchain was designed to be open to anyone and therefore independent and trustworthy, Ripple has historically had disproportionate influence over its governance. David is one of the original architects of the XRP Ledger. Ripple is fighting a $1.3 billion SEC lawsuit over whether its XRP token is a security. DAVID SCHWARTZ ENTERPRISES, INC., 73 EMMET AVE., E, Free format text: Ripple's CTO David Schwartz shared his opinion on the potential advantages of embracing blockchain-agnostic solutions. b 1 through b 10. However the SWIFT network is far from efficient. Marshall Huebner is considered an expert in risk management bankruptcy advisory work. David Schwartz, Ripple's Chief Technology Officer (CTO), has confirmed that the majority of the company's revenue comes from selling its XRP holdings. 17. 69. Theyre enforcing the law in a way that doesnt have any of the normal protections that law enforcement is supposed to have. 15. . The computer system of claim 8, wherein said high level means, low level means and lower level means are operable for processing different portions of the task at the same time. Today, the Ripple network is so renowned that Colombia considered using it for its national land registry under the previous government administration. Check out his full Patent HERE of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resource being a machine, e.g. A method of distributed processing within a network of computers, comprising: arranging the network as a multilevel system including at least one high level computer and at least two low level computers; establishing a communications link which includes first link means and second link means wherein the low level computers are coupled together through the second link means and at least one high level computer is coupled to the at least two low level computers through the first link means and wherein the number of first and second links associated with each low level computer are unequal; distributing one or more portions of a task to be processed by low level computers along the communications links based on the availability of the low level computers to process said one or more portions of the task, said availability being previously communicated to the at least one high level computer along the first link means; processing the distributed portions of the task by the currently available low lever computers; and, processing all undistributed portions of the task by the at least one high level computer; and. Credibility is a precious asset in cryptoland these days, and Schwartz, little-known and passed over during the XRP windfall enjoyed by his peers, comes off as something of a cryptocurrency Eagle Scout. ;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARTZ, DAVID J.;REEL/FRAME:004938/0770, RWE-DEA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT FUR MINERALOEL UND CHEM, CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DEUTSCHE TEXACO AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT GMBH;REEL/FRAME:005244/0417, PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362, Method and system for optionally registering a local process to allow participation in a single system semantic, Selective transaction oriented recovery and restart for message-driven business applications, Database system with methods for appending data records by partitioning an object into multiple page chains, Cluster of workstations for solving compute-intensive applications by exchanging interim computation results using a two phase communication protocol, Method and system including a central computer that assigns tasks to idle workstations using availability schedules and computational capabilities, Systems and methods for wireless communications, Global network computers for shared processing, Commercial distributed processing by personal computers over the internet, System and method for rapid completion of data processing tasks distributed on a network, Systems and methods for processing complex data sets, Systems and methods for geophysical imaging using amorphous computational processing, Method to support authentication and authorization of web application user to database management system in web server based data-driven applications, Apparatus, system, and method for automatically minimizing real-time task latency and maximizing non-real time task throughput, Management and scheduling of a distributed rendering method and system, Method and system for secure remote distributed rendering, Apparatus for generating panoramic images and method thereof, Information processing system and load sharing method, Method and system for distributed rendering, Stable hash-based mapping computation for a dynamically varying target set, Distributed processing multiple tier task allocation, Computers and microchips with a portion protected by an internal hardware firewall, Computers including an undiced semiconductor wafer with Faraday Cages and internal flexibility sipes, Computer or microchip with a secure control bus connecting a central controller to volatile RAM and the volatile RAM to a network-connected microprocessor, Information processing system and load balancing method, Multivariate analysis replica intelligent ambience evolving system, High impact resistant macromolecular networks, Data processing system having pyramidal hierarchy control flow, Multiprocessor computer apparatus employing distributed communications paths and a passive task register, Data processing apparatus for highly parallel execution of data structure operations, Data exchange processor for distributed computing system, Distributed multiprocessor communication system, Task communicator for multiple computer system, Multi-processor task dispatching apparatus, Multi-processor system employing job-swapping between different priority processors, Microcomputer based distributed control network, Syntactically self-structuring cellular computer, Funtionally structured distributed data processing system, Task scheduler for a fault tolerant multiple node processing system, Method of file access in a distributed processing computer network, Computer or microchip with its system bios protected by one or more internal hardware firewalls, Microchips with inner firewalls, faraday cages, and/or photovoltaic cells, Computers and microchips with a portion protected by an internal hardware firewalls, Computers and microchips with a side protected by an internal hardware firewall and an unprotected side connected to a network, Computers and microchips with a faraday cage, with a side protected by an internal hardware firewall and unprotected side connected to the internet for network operations, and with internal hardware compartments, Computer or microchip controlled by a firewall-protected master controlling microprocessor and firmware, Microchips with an internal hardware firewall, Computers or microchips with a hardware side protected by a primary internal hardware firewall leaving an unprotected hardware side connected to a network, and with multiple internal hardware compartments protected by multiple secondary interior hardware firewalls, Computer or microchip with an internal hardware firewall and a master controlling device, Microchips with an internal hardware firewall protected portion and a network portion with microprocessors which execute shared processing operations with the network, Microchips with multiple internal hardware-based firewalls and dies, Microchips with an internal hardware firewall that by its location leaves unprotected microprocessors or processing units which performs processing with a network, Computers or microchips with a primary internal hardware firewall and with multiple internal harware compartments protected by multiple secondary interior hardware firewalls, Computers and microchips with a faraday cage, a side protected by an internal hardware firewall and an unprotected side connected to the internet for network operations, and with internal hardware compartments, Personal and server computers having microchips with multiple processing units and internal firewalls, Computer or microchip including a network portion with RAM memory erasable by a firewall-protected master controller, Computers or microchips with a hardware side protected by a primary internal hardware firewall and an unprotected hardware side connected to a network, and with multiple internal hardware compartments protected by multiple secondary inner hardware firewalls, Internal hardware firewalls for microchips, Computer and microprocessor control units that are inaccessible from the internet, Computer or microchip protected from the internet by internal hardware, Distributed multiple-tier task allocation, Microchip with faraday cages and internal flexibility sipes, Computer with at least one faraday cage and internal flexibility sipes, Computer or microchip with a secure system bios having a separate private network connection to a separate private network, Method of using a secure private network to actively configure the hardware of a computer or microchip, Computer or microchip with a secure system BIOS and a secure control bus connecting a central controller to many network-connected microprocessors and volatile RAM, Personal computer, smartphone, tablet, or server with a buffer zone without circuitry forming a boundary separating zones with circuitry, A Unix-Based local computer network with load balancing, HOST-HOST communication protocol in the ARPA network, Hierarchical dual bus architecture for use in an electronic switching system employing a distributed control architecture, Intercomputer communication control apparatus & method, Intercomputer communication control apparatus and method, Apparatus for a data processing system having a peer relationship among a plurality of central processing units, Method and system for communicating interrupts between nodes of a multinode computer system, Method and apparatus for exploiting communications bandwidth as for providing shared memory, System for controlling access to a common bus in a computer system, Local area network system with a multi-computer system coupled method and method for controlling the same. Ripple's chief technology officer David Schwartz has offered a simple method to identify what constitutes a security or commodity. Mercury FX, a London-based foreign-exchange firm that offers clients an alternative to banks when sending and receiving international currencies, will soon move from its pilot xRapid program to live production. 10. David Schwartz, CTO of Ripple, recently tweeted his opinions on how adopting blockchain-agnostic solutions might hasten the spread of XRP and attract more consumers within the Ripple platform. A multilevel distributed computer system for distributed processing preferably includes a plurality of personal computers. At least two low level computers are operable for receiving an additional task, for processing, if they can, portions of the additional task and distributing for processing those portions of the additional task unprocessed by the low level computers to the at least one high level computer if the latter is currently available for processing. The computer system of claim 19, wherein each computer within the low level computer means is coupled to at least one other computer within the low level computer means through two second link means whereby the low level computer means forms a ring of computers. In order to reach the offices, one must first pass through a grand archway that resembles something from Italys Medici era. Is it durable? Ripple CTO David Schwartz Makes a Big Statement About The New XRPL AMM Network. Ripple's CTO invented distributed computer system 20 years Ripple's CTO invented distributed computer system 20 years Almost 30 years ago on August 25, 1988, Schwartz filed a patent for a "multilevel distributed computer system" that would "preferably" run on " . @JoelKatz, his Twitter handle, has more than 100,000 followers. A computer system in which portions of a task are performed by a number of different processors is commonly referred to as distributed processing. 8. As many of the portions as possible are distributed for processing on the lowest level of the system. Join the club! The computer system of claim 48, wherein the fourth link means are operable for transferring portions of the task, additional task and further additional task unidirectionally. David Schwartz created the XRPL way back in 1988 when they didnt even had a name for the blockchain. 8 is a flow chart of FIG. Schwartz dismisses such objections: When you try to update a legacy system, you tend to be pressured to keep things as opposed to replacing them. You need to move things so that the system still works during the transition, and thats where the cost is.. Davids not a guy who is going to require a lot of micromanagement, Garlinghouse says. Patent Number 5,025,369 was issued on January 18, 1991, but it was filed by Schwartz on August 25, 1988. 61. "The endgame is just money moving invisibly, as easily as information.". XRP was made to become the greatest asset ever created. Crypto-anarchists were beginning to explore the bitcoin blockchain as a way to avoid central oversight. Patents Assigned to David Schwartz Enterprises, Inc. Computer system Patent number: 5025369 Abstract: A multilevel distributed computer system for distributed processing preferably includes a plurality of personal computers. 58. Fabian Vandenreydt, a former head of SWIFT Global Securities, adds that the issue isnt whether Ripples technology works but whether it saves banks more money than it costs. Intellectual property > Patents: licensing Tier 1 Hailed as 'the utmost trusted advisors', the group of attorneys at DLA Piper LLP (US) operates as an 'extension of the in-house team' with superb licensing expertise, which is 'only matched by their business practicality'. In an era when secure emails are transmitted instantly and the bitcoin and ethereum blockchains move millions in minutes, most international money transfers take at least three days to settle, with fees that are opaque and varied. 18. I think the clean-sheet approach is almost always going to produce a better design at a lower cost.. But Schwartz, who just returned from a tour of Europes banks, faces many obstacles. A multilevel computer system including high level computer means and low level computer means, comprising: communications link means for transferring the portions of a task within the computer system, said communications link means including first link means and second link means; said high level computer means including at least one computer means and operable for receiving a task, for distributing portions of the task to said low level computer means for processing of said portions based on the availability of the low level computer means to process one or more portions of the task, said availability being previously communicated to said high level computer means from said low level computer means along first link means of communication link means and for processing, if currently available, all undistributed portions of the task; said high level computer means also operable for receiving from said one of said at least two computer means of said low level computer means portions of the unprocessed additional task and for distributing for processing those portions of the unprocessed additional task to the other of said at least two computer means based on the availability of the other said at least two computer means to process one or more portions of the unprocessed additional task, said availability of the other of said at least two computer means being previously communicated to said high level computer means from the other of said at least two computer means along said first link means, and, if available, processing those portions of the unprocessed additional task undistributed to said other of said at least two computer means; said communications link means also for communicating to said high level computer means along said first link means from said low level computer means the current availability of said low level computer means to process one or more portions of the task and for communicating to said high level computer means along said first link means from the other of said at least two computer means the current availability of the other of said at least two computer means to process one or more portions of the unprocessed additional task, said first link means coupling said at least one computer means of said high level computer means to said at least two computer means of said low level computer means and operable for transferring the portions of the task and additional task bidirectionally, each of said second link means coupling said at least two computer means of said low level computer means together; wherein the number of first link means and the number of second link means associated with each computer means of said low level computer means are unequal and wherein said high level computer means and said low level computer means are operable for processing different portions of the task at the same time and for processing different portions of the additional task at the same time and wherein each computer means within the low level computer means is coupled to at least one other computer means within the low level computer means through two second link means whereby the low level computer means forms a ring of computers. The sizeable team at Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP is well versed in all restructuring matters, particularly in sectors such as aviation, retail, consumer products, energy and natural resources. 55. 12. n May, as if to acknowledge his being overlooked in Ripples original creation story and hierarchy, Schwartz was discreetly named chief technology officer of the company he helped build from scratch. Consequently, only one of, Referring once again to FIG. If no bank will do business with me, I dont get a hearing in a court of law, I dont get to read the law, I dont get to confront my accusers. The method of claim 28, further including transferring portions of the task along the first link means bidirectionally. New CTO David Schwartz at Ripples San Francisco headquarters in June. The company has recruited hundreds of the worlds largest financial institutionsfrom UBS and BBVA to American Express and the Bank of Indonesiato test Ripples new tools designed to modernize the way they move money. The method of claim 28, further including processing different portions of the task at the same time. David Schwartz Distributed Computer Network Patents 20 Ironically, Schwartz himself may be Ripples best weapon to prove that the XRP blockchain is actually decentralized, and thus trustworthy and secure. While GPI isnt necessarily a Ripple-killer, it presents another serious hurdle for Ripple to clear. 31. During his decade there he also consulted for the National Security Agency (NSA), helping integrate the agencys networking software with the existing security and public key infrastructure technology. Those validators, or nodes, are in turn organized into groups that trust each other called UNLs, or unique node lists. While validators get to choose their own UNL, the list assembled by Ripple is the default, creating a possible area of centralization. Information can not be transferred from one computer to another unless the computer which is transmitting the information has a "token ring". An "AMM" or Automated Market Maker is another way of managing trade and price in exchange markets that uses algorithms, vs the much older CLOB (Centralised Limit Order Book). Failure to recover from proactive semantic interference (frPSI) has been shown to be more sensitive than traditional cognitive measures in different populations with preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Each second link couples at least two computers of the low level computer means together. A task inputted to the system is divided into a plurality of portions. 28 Apr 2023 19:00:14 More particularly, the token ring is a piece of information which is part of the transmitted data stream and is required for transmitting information along one of the lines between computers. availability) is reported of lower level computers. If not, why do I want to trick or force people to get a substandard outcome?. Additional levels of computers can be added to the system to further distribute the processing of portions of a task and additional task. Speaking of his job at Ripple, Schwartz says that he likes the fact that the company makes it possible for him to work with cutting-edge technologies and build not-yet-decided products. The computer system of claim 44, wherein said communications link means includes third link means and fourth link means, said third link means coupling said at least two computer means of said low level computer means to said at least three computer means of said lower level computer means, said fourth link means coupling said at least three computer means of said lower level computer means together wherein the number of third link means and the number of fourth link means coupled to one of the computer means on the lower level computer means are unequal. 2 is a block diagram of a token ring computer system; FIG. The method of claim 28, wherein establishment of the communications link includes coupling each low level computer to at least one other low level computer through two second link means whereby the low level computers form a ring of computers. As shown in FIG. Lets say you want to transfer $5,000 from your account at JPMorgan Chase to your cousin in La Paz, Bolivia. Lessening of the load that any one computer is requested to process results. b-1 through b-10. of the central processing unit [CPU], Allocation of resources, e.g. He was particularly troubled by the centralized control of money. David Schwartz, the CTO of Ripple, has offered valuable insights into the operational methods of Linqto, a fintech firm specializing in investment services.Specifically, Schwartz's commentary sheds light on the approach that Linqto employs to facilitate investments in companies like PolySign, for which he serves as a board member. network). The number of first links coupled to at least one computer of the high level computer means and the number of second links coupled to one of the at least two computers of the low level computer means are unequal. 47. 7 is a flow chart of FIG. 7. Prior to joining Ripple, he was a director of software development at Webmaster Incorporated, a Santa Clara software developer. wherein the number of first and second link means associated with at least one of the at least two computers of said low level computer means are unequal.
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