Computers in healthcare: overview and bibliography - PubMed Technology did not simply affect the physician-patient relationship, rather, existing societal and moral understandings influenced how technologies came into being and how they were used (Peckham 2015, 153). Medical Practice in Imperial Berlin: The Casebook of Alfred Grotjahn. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 61 (3): 391-410. At the end of the nineteenth century when most telephones were for public use (Fischer 1992), the British Medical Journal cautioned there was a need to curtail the promiscuous use of the mouth-pieces of public telephones (Anon. Digital Health Strategies to Fight COVID-19 Worldwide: Challenges, Recommendations, and a Call for Papers. Journal of Medical Internet Research 22 (6): e19284. New York: Zone. The next doctor must hunt through several pages to find what really matters (2018). Bloeschs patient journal constitutes one single gigantic research report (2016, 265) because it was key for allowing him to generalize from the experiences gained in his practice in order to produce knowledge to contribute to contemporary scientific discussions. Hess, V. and J. Andrew Mendelsohn. If they had support to make better decisions, they could do a better job.. Here was a case in which technology challenged the socially accepted relationship between (male) physicians and (female) patients of a particular class because its application demanded increased physical closeness, and therefore was seen as undesirable and transgressive. Fissell, Mary E. 1991. Abrams, Ken and Casey Korba. [] The only fear we have is that when people can open up a conversation with us for a penny, they will be apt to abuse the privilege [] (cited in Kay 2012). Cross-Cultural Cyborgs: Greek and Canadian Womens Discourses on Fetal Ultrasound. In Bodies of Technology: Womens Involvement with Reproductive Medicine, edited by Ann Rudinow Saetnan, Nelly Oudshoorn, and Marta Kirejczyk, 384-409. The desired interprofessional collaboration thus runs the risk of complicating instead of facilitating the making of a diagnosis. 2011 [1995]. Mitchell, Lisa and Eugenia Georges. In fact, the potentiality of the telephone for the medical profession was apparent from its invention in 1876;4as Michael Kay notes, the first inter-connected users were doctors, pharmacists, hospitals and infirmaries (2012). Similarly, Jha said its important that such systems arent just released and forgotten. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/digital-health#mobileapp. Anon. This approach shows the extent to which specific tools and techniques, knowledge, and rationales for intervention are intricately bound together. The website Digital Trends 2019 ranking of the 10 best health apps range from Fitocracy, a running app that allows you to track your progress and that promises a fitness experience with a robust community of like-minded individuals, to Carbs that transfers the meals you have eaten into charts of calories, to Fitbit Coach that promises you the experience of having a personal trainer on your smartphone (de Looper 2019).5 Health systems have bought on and increasingly ask patients to observe and monitor themselves with the help of these technologies, and in some cases, the use of apps to measure blood pressure, pulse and body weight such as Amicomed and Beurer HealthManager are closely connected to the possibilities of sharing ones data remotely with a physician. Todays fear that the introduction of EHRs might change the communication and relation between physicians and patients for the worse tends to blame technology for a broader cultural and medical change of which it is just one tiny aspect, that is the growing belief in data and the logic of gaining stratified knowledge to provide relevant information about any one patients condition. Poorly designed systems can misdiagnose. History shows that physicians have not always seen administrative record-keeping as foreign to their main work with patients; rather, it has been a formative part of their professional identity at different times. 120). ---- 2012. Video Consultations for Covid-19: An Opportunity in a Crisis? BMJ, 368: m998. 2016. 1999. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 29 (1): 73-82. London: Routledge. Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology. Predicting the Future Big Data, Machine Learning, and Clinical Medicine. NEJM 375:1216-19. Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, current applications and future role with special emphasis on its potential and promise in pathology: present and future impact, obstacles including costs and acceptance among pathologists, practical and philosophical considerations. For example, in an era when listening at length to patients was associated with the obsequious physician catering to the ego of the upper-class patient, the sober inscription in a nineteenth-century casebook noted that too much talking showed that little was wrong with the patient (Weindling 1987, 395). First, we discuss electronic health records in the light of current criticisms which maintain that this technology cuts valuable time the doctor should be spending with the patient, thereby threatening an assumed core responsibility of the physician, namely listening empathetically to the patient. If I design a scoring system to rank hospitals, hospitals will change, said David Parkes, George F. Colony Professor of Computer Science, co-director of the Harvard Data Science Initiative, and one of the co-authors of a recent article in the journal Nature calling for the establishment of machine behavior as a new field. Porter, Roy. Bartens, Werner. According to the World Health Organization, as a global phenomenon, telemedicine is more widespread than EHRs with more than half of responding member states having a telehealth component in their national health policy (WHO 2016). The kind of medicine favoured by Bichat and like-minded physicians focused on gaining anatomical and physiological insights directly from the body, using both physical examination and remote techniques in the laboratory. Leiden: Brill Rodopi. Moscucci, Ornella. The Privacy rule states that protected health information can be data that is written, spoken, or in electronic form. That screens are coming in between doctors and patients is a widespread notion (Gawande 2018). The coming of computers in medicine has generated new dangers for breach of confidentiality. From this moment, the idea of preventing disease shifted towards individual, possibly damaging behaviours such as smoking and diet that could trigger a number of different diseases. 2018. Behavior issues also apply to those working within the health care system, where mistakes are routine. How useful was it that the AI system proposed that this medical expert should talk to this other medical expert? Parkes said. In these conditions of market-oriented healing, both patients and healers alike believed, sometimes fervently, in the effectiveness of the remedies on offer. Sharing Cases: The Observationes in Early Modern Medicine. Early Science and Medicine 15:193-236. 1990. Ruckstuhl, Brigitte and Elisabeth Ryter. Panic Encabled: Epidemics and the Telegraphic World. In Empires of Panic: Epidemics and Colonial Anxieties, edited by Robert Peckham, 131-54. Medizin und ffentliche Gesundheit: Konzepte, Akteure, Perspektiven. The Future Of Healthcare Technology - Forbes Leiden: Brill Rodopi. Vanessa Rampton received funding from the Branco Weiss Fellowship Society in Science. Computers in Medicine uses, advantages and disadvantages The third field of digital medicine that we would like to put into historical perspective is one of the fastest growing fields of eHealth, namely do-it-yourself (DIY) health technologies. Volker Hess and J. Andrew Mendelsohn describe how the chief physician at a Berlin clinic ranted about the inadequacy of our [tabular] journals and their inability to produce medical knowledge (295). Robert Truog, head of the HMS Center for Bioethics, the Frances Glessner Lee Professor of Legal Medicine, and a pediatric anesthesiologist at Boston Childrens Hospital, said the defining characteristic of his last decade in practice has been a rapid increase in information. 21 April. Properly designed AI also has the potential to make our health care system more efficient and less expensive, ease the paperwork burden that has more and more doctors considering new careers, fill the gaping holes in access to quality care in the worlds poorest places, and, among many other things, serve as an unblinking watchdog on the lookout for the medical errors that kill an estimated 200,000 people and cost $1.9 billion annually. Researchers propose a new field of study to explore how intelligent machines behave as independent agents, Symposium examines promise, hype of artificial intelligence in health care, Harvard scientists help drive new age of machines, aiming for transformative impact in medicine, on Main Street, and beyond, Biomolecular archaeology reveals a fuller picture of the nomadic Xiongnu, Finale Doshi-Velez, John L. Loeb Associate Professor of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, David Parkes, George F. Colony Professor of Computer Science and co-director of the Harvard Data Science Initiative, Robert Truog, head of the Harvard Medical School Center for Bioethics and the the Frances Glessner Lee Professor of Legal Medicine, Isaac Kohane, head of Harvard Medical Schools Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ashish Jha, former director of the Harvard Global Health Institute and now dean of Brown Universitys School of Public Health, Keeping safe from pandemic during the holidays, Happiness is not a destination Happiness is the way, Expanding our understanding of gut feelings, Gen Z, millennials need to be prepared to fight for change, Trailblazing initiative marries ethics, tech, Imagine a world in which AI is in your home, at work, everywhere, Embedding ethics in computer science curriculum, DNA shows poorly understood empire was multiethnic with strong female leadership. Ethical arguments and the grounds on which we are supposed to resolve them are complex and variable. Since the algorithms are designed to learn and improve their performance over time, sometimes even their designers cant be sure how they arrive at a recommendation or diagnosis, a feature that leaves some uncomfortable. The more confident we get in technology, the more important it is to understand when humans can override these things. 2010. Psychotherapists Attitudes toward Online Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 30 (2): 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000214. 2009. In the following centuries, medical practice and science would change dramatically due to the rise of academic training as a prerequisite to enter the medical profession, a development seen across Europe, as well as the integration of physicians into national health agendas. The cutting edge of healthcare: How edge computing will transform medicine Those studies are good at identifying factors that are linked to each other but less able to identify cause and effect. Risse, Guenter B. and John Harley Warner. Many physicians considered physical examination morally inappropriate and saw it as dispensable for making a diagnosis. Indeed, in some contexts physical distance was seen as the prerogative of good medical practice. ---- 2018. A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present. 2012. 1989. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/252529. 2009. Enhancing Patient-Doctor-Computer Communication in Primary Care: Towards Measurement Construction. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research 4 (4): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-4015-4-4. Many believe we will, but caution that implementation has to be done thoughtfully, with recognition of not just AIs strengths but also its weaknesses, and taking advantage of a range of viewpoints brought by experts in fields outside of medicine and computer science, including ethics and philosophy, sociology, psychology, behavioral economics, and, one day, those trained in the budding field of machine behavior, which seeks to understand the complex and evolving interaction of humans and machines that learn as they go. Geneva: WHO Document Production Services. ---- 1999. Sanders, R. 2003. Kay, Michael. 2016, 127). If p, then what? Administrative and Epistemic Aspects of Medical Practice: Caesar Adolf Bloesch (1804-1863). In Medical Practice, 1600-1900: Physicians and their Patients, edited by Martin Dinges et al., 253-70. Furthermore, how can a trusting doctor-patient relationship be established virtually and at a distance? 2017. Bound up with a new emphasis on tabulation, as well as precision and reliability, various German-speaking hospitals instigated a new tabular format designed to enable physicians to compile their observations of patients into ward journals organized into columns and, eventually, generate an annual account of the course of disease (Hess and Mendelsohn 2010, 294).
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